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unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Cav_Light_Light_Dragoons \n\n竜騎兵の馬は元来移動用ですが、 高速でもあるので、かなり効果的な突撃を行えます。 これらの特性により、軽竜騎兵は散兵と砲兵に対して有効です。 彼らは多くの損害を被らない様に十分速く敵に接近できます。 乗馬すれば、湾曲したサーベルで効果的に戦えますが、 騎兵銃を使用するためにはまず下馬しなければなりません。 徒歩では、接近戦を挑んでくる敵には弱いです。\n\n歴史的には、軽竜騎兵は多くは警備兵力として任務を行い、 暴動や反乱した市民を鎮圧するのに便利でした。 彼らは馬により戦略的機動性を獲得し、広い地域を支配して地方や民間権力の 支援に素早く駆けつけることができます。 18世紀の終わりに近づくにつれて、彼らは騎馬歩兵としての役割を失い、 多くは別種の軽騎兵になりましたが、竜騎兵の名前は保ちました。 ”正しい”騎兵と見なされると女性にモテて、社会的地位と給料も上がる！ので、 軽竜騎兵部隊の将校と兵士は変化を歓迎しました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Cav_Light_Mamelukes \n\nMounted on seemingly tireless light horses and armed with scimitars, they are commonly employed to harass an enemy force, restricting its space to manoeuvre easily. Once battle is fully joined, they will often time their charges to coincide with those of a supporting infantry unit, seeking to break the enemy quickly then wreak havoc amongst them as they flee. Their only real weakness is when facing well-trained European infantry capable of forming square.\n\nMameluks were traditionally slave-soldiers of the various caliphs and sultans of the Middle Ages, captured as children and raised in the Islamic faith to provide their master with a force of men unconnected to any part of the social hierarchy. Over time, the Mameluks accrued power of their own and even went as far as seizing control of Egypt, founding a Mameluk Sultanate in 1250. Though the Mameluks’ strength enabled the Sultanate to repel several invasions by Christian crusaders and Mongols, they were eventually overpowered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517 and entered into the service of the Sublime Porte. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Cav_Light_Ottoman_Deli_Horsemen \n\nThese troops are recruited from many peoples, and have an ethos of personal, rather than collective, bravery. They are armed with curved sabres and these can cause terrible wounds in hand-to-hand combat. Although they are skilled in close combat and cavalry charges, Deli Horsemen are primarily favoured for their speed across ground. This makes them an obvious choice to destroy vulnerable skirmishers and artillery.\n\nHistorically, Deli infantrymen and cavalry were irregular troops, and horsemen would often find employment guarding caravans and important dignitaries. By the late 18th century, the elite horsemen of the feudal Sipahis had largely disappeared, and most of the Ottoman cavalry force was made up of the irregular Deli horse. They had no uniforms to speak of, but could be recognised by their black felt hats. The other point of recognition, for as long as an enemy lived, was their spectacular mixture of whatever weaponry they could find or steal! False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Cav_Light_Russian_Pavlograd_Hussars \n\nAll hussars have “dash” and a touch of derring-do in their collective attitude towards war. Pavlograd hussars are, without exception, excellent horsemen, ideal for chasing down skirmishers and overrunning artillery units. Though their charge is powerful, they are still weak against infantry in square and will suffer losses in prolonged close combat. Instead, they are better used to quickly attack, then break away and attack again.\n\nThe Pavlograd Hussars were immortalised in Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”, but their fame was well established before Tolstoy penned his masterpiece. In 1797, a young Georgian officer, Spiridon Zhevahov, took command of the Pavlograd Hussars and led them to impressive triumphs against Napoleon’s forces. The Hussars shocked the French by crushing the 3rd Lancers of the Young Guard, part of Napoleon’s personal guard. To add insult to injury, they also managed to capture the 3rd Lancers’ standard, a major blow to French prestige. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Cav_Miss_Bedouin_Camel_Gunners \n\nHorses cannot stand the smell of camels, and this gives all camel riders the advantage in melee. However, these soldiers are most effective when using their firepower to harass enemies, whittling down their numbers to the point where a charge will break them. They are also swift and very manoeuvrable, and this can be used to keep them out of trouble as well as send them to a critical point in battle. They will not, however, survive for long if they are sent against a disciplined and well-handled line infantry unit.\n\nHistorically, the Bedouin people talked before resorting to the feud, although they were very adept at defending themselves when needed. Life in the desert was harsh and unforgiving, and unnecessary squabbles or attempts to save face through violence did nothing for a man’s survival. The Bedouin were raiders on other folk but that was a matter of survival, and directed, as often as not, against outsiders. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Cav_Miss_French_Dromedary_Cavalry \n\nFearsome and powerful beasts, these camels terrify regular cavalry horses with their distinctive reek. Their long limbs and striding gait make them incredibly manoeuvrable; their riders are armed with sabres and carbines, and excel in skirmish warfare. Able to effectively avoid trouble, their only major tactical weakness is when engaged in prolonged attacks against well-trained infantry or in melee against a superior cavalry unit.\n\nHistorically, camel cavalry were often used to panic enemy horses. All horses, unless accustomed to camels, hate their smell and became uncontrollable when near them. Camels have proven to be extremely useful beasts throughout the world: the one-humped dromedaries are now largely domesticated, with only a few living wild in their original homelands. There are, however, estimated to be 300,000 wild camels in Australia, escapees from the herd brought in to act as transport in the desert interior. At the time of writing, the Australian authorities are considering a cull, as the camel has no natural predators in the outback. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Cav_Miss_Ottoman_Shaturnal_Camel_Gunners \n\nThese men have been hardened for battle by the merciless nature of the desert, a place that is utterly unforgiving to the weak. A man who cannot fight is unlikely to survive the life of feuding and banditry that is his lot. Unlike many of their enemies, the shaturnal camel gunners are extremely swift and manoeuvrable force, and have perfected their skirmish tactics. An extra edge in combat is gained from their camels: enemy horses are easily scared by these gurning, spitting creatures!\n\nHistorically, a shaturnal was a kind of swivel gun mounted on the back of a camel or an elephant. Rather than using the camel to simply transport the gun, the weapon was actually fired with the gun still attached to the animal. Because there was no need to dismount to use the weapon, it could be brought into action very quickly. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Cav_Stand_Chevauxlegers \n\nシュヴォーレジェ連隊は最も強いわけでも、最も速いわけでもありませんが、 彼らの勇気は疑いないものです。専門性での欠陥を多用途さで補っているので、 彼らはほとんどどんな騎兵の任務でもこなせます。 賢い指揮官は、彼らはより重装備でより単一任務に特化している騎兵に 対抗させるべきではないことを、頭に入れておく必要があります。 その代わりに、軽歩兵を攻撃したり、包囲された味方への救援部隊として 使用することができます。\n\nナポレオン戦争におけるオーストリア軍騎兵は、その時代で最も強力な部隊の一つでしたが、 しばしば無能な連隊士官達によって邪魔され、力を発揮できませんでした。 表向きは、勝利するには部隊に優秀な兵卒を持つよりも、 有能な士官の存在がより重要であると考えられていました。 しかし、えこひいきや利益供与、個人の政治的駆け引きの結果、 適切なコネがある人物によく指揮官職が与えられました。 愚か者や、向こう見ずな馬鹿者、そして臆病者が指揮官に任命される可能性があり、 事実されていました。 運が良ければ、連隊の兵士達は十分優秀で、無能な士官達の身と名声を守りました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Cav_Stand_Portuguese_Cavalry \n\nPortuguese horses, although hardy and reliable, are neither large nor fast enough to be used for heavy or light cavalry. For this reason, they are used as mounts in a kind of all-purpose cavalry, slower than light cavalry and weaker than most heavy cavalry units. Despite this lack of specialisation, they are still useful on the battlefield and fight courageously. They must be deployed with a little care, as charging them into well-trained line infantry squares will only lead to heavy losses.\n\nHistorically, cavalry regiments were the weakest arm of the Portuguese forces. They had difficulty raising effective cavalry due to Portugal’s lack of natural resources required to produce remounts. It was hard to find enough forage to sustain the horses, and the native animals were not large, or swift. As a result, Portuguese cavalry was never organised as specialised regiments and failed to fulfil the needed tactical roles. To be fair, Portugal simply did not have the spare land required for large herds of horses. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Cav_Stand_Spanish_Line_Cavalry \n\nArmed with a traditional straight sword, as opposed to the ever-popular sabre, these cavalrymen are a multipurpose unit. They are light enough to chase down a routing enemy, but heavy enough to charge effectively into enemy lines. However, their versatility comes at the cost of specialisation: should they be pitted against the likes of horse guards, their lack of specialist training will become apparent. \n\nSpain and the Peninsular War proved to be a major part in the downfall of Napoleon and this was thanks, in part, to his older brother Joseph. Joseph helped his brother to take control of France during the revolution and was rewarded with the throne of Naples in 1806. His time as king was brief, and he was soon sent elsewhere when Spain fell under Napoleon’s control. Napoleon needed someone he could trust on the Spanish throne and Joseph was the obvious choice. However, French occupation of Spain was unpopular to say the least and Joseph never really managed to gain a steady grip on the country. French control was eventually broken at the Battle of Vitoria and Joseph abdicated, fleeing back to France. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Frigate_24 \n\nThis 24-gun ship is not a ship-of-the-line, and would not last long in combat against such an opponent. Rather than heavy firepower, it is built for speed and easy handling; the guns on board are much lighter than those used by even the smallest battle ship. A frigate is not suited to close combat, its hull and masts would not survive a heavy enemy broadside. Instead, their advantage lies in the long range qualities of their relatively accurate 9-pounder guns, and their manoeuvrability against lumbering ships. They can, quite simply, outmanoeuvre larger opponents, and choose to run if the odds are against them.\n\nHistorically, a frigate’s guns were all mounted together on a single deck well above the waterline. Warships often had their guns split between the upper and lower decks, and during rough weather would have to close the lower gun ports to prevent swamping. A frigate had no guns close to the waterline, so was not handicapped by this problem and could deploy all its guns all the time. A frigate was seen as a desirable posting for a young officer, as it offered the chance of prize money and the chance to be noticed as a dashing and brave commander. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Frigate_32 \n\nこの​横帆​を​持​つ​船​は​12ポンド砲​を​​た​だ​一つ​の​砲門甲板​に​搭載​し​て​い​ま​す​。​この​船​が​搭載​する​大砲​は​より​大型​の​船​の​も​の​と​同​じ​破壊力​を​持​ち​ま​せ​ん​が​、​より​小型​の​船​を​損傷​さ​せ​る​の​に​は​よ​り​向​い​て​い​ま​す​。​そ​の​ス​ピ​ー​ド​と​操舵特性​に​よ​り​、​32門​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​は​よ​り​低速​の​敵​に​何時​・​どこから​攻撃​す​る​の​か​選​ぶ​こ​と​が​で​き​ま​す​。​多​く​の​船​は​近距離​で​砲撃​し​吹​き​飛​ば​さ​ね​ば​な​り​ま​せ​ん​が​、​この​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​は​遠距離​か​ら​敵​に​砲撃​を​浴​び​せ​る​こ​と​が​で​き​ま​す​。​\n\n最初​の​32​門​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​は​1​7​5​​6​年​に​導入​され、​大​英​帝​国​海​軍​に​よ​り​”5等艦”​に​分類​さ​れ​ま​し​た​。​サ​ウ​ザ​ン​プ​ト​ン​級​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​は​イ​ギ​リ​ス​製​で​、​フ​ラ​ン​ス​の​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦型​よ​り​も​広​い​空間​を​下甲板​に​持​っ​て​い​ま​し​た​。​イギリス​の​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​は​フ​ラ​ン​ス​の​設計​か​ら​起源​し​た​も​の​で​し​た​。​イ​ギ​リ​ス​は​フ​ラ​ン​ス​の​設​計​に​感銘​を​受​け、​拿捕​し​た​見本​を​自艦隊​の​た​め​に​複製​し​ま​し​た​。​必​ず​し​も​大佐​に​指揮​さ​れ​る​わ​け​で​は​な​か​っ​た​の​で​す​が​、​独立​し​た​指揮​を​経験​で​き​る​の​で、​野​心​あ​る​士官​に​と​っ​て​フリ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​は​望​ま​し​い​船​で​す​。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Frigate_38 \n\nこの​フリゲート艦​は​フリゲート艦​の​中​で​は​最​も​大​き​い​設計​で、​搭載​し​て​い​る​比較的​大口径​の18ポンド​砲​は、​火力​と​ま​あ​ま​あ​の​精度​両方​で​バ​ラ​ン​ス​が​取​れ​て​い​ま​す​。​他​の​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​に​と​っ​て​は​、​38門艦​は​危険​な​相手​で​す​が​、​戦列艦​相手​の​近距離戦​で​は​か​な​い​ま​せ​ん​。​全​て​の​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​と​同​じ​よ​う​に​、​ス​ピ​ー​ド​を​求​め​て​造​ら​れ​て​お​り​、​船体耐久度​は​求​め​ら​れ​て​い​ま​せ​ん​。​戦闘​に​お​い​て​強力​な​敵​を​相​手​に​す​る​と​き​は​、​乗組員​が​18ポンド砲​を​比較​​的​速​く​再​装​填​で​き​る​利​点​を​用​い​て​、​射程外​に​距離​を​保​っ​て​攻撃​の​時と​場​所​を​選​ぶ​の​が​一​番​で​す​。​\n\n歴史的​に​は​、​通常​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​は​戦列艦​が​参加​す​る​艦隊決戦​よ​り​も​、​他​の​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​を​相手​と​す​る​単艦任務​に​参加​し​ま​し​た​。​実際​に、​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​が​最初​に​砲火​を​開​か​な​い​限​り​、​戦列艦​が​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​を​砲撃​す​る​の​は​非紳士的​と​見​な​さ​れ​ま​し​た​。​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​側​が​砲​撃​し​た​場​合​は​、​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​の​艦長​は​勝​て​そ​う​に​な​い​戦​い​に​準備​が​で​き​て​い​る​こ​と​を​示​し​た​こ​と​に​な​り​ま​し​た​。​この​時代​の​海戦​に​お​け​る​風​変​わ​り​な​掟​は​こ​れ​だ​け​で​は​あ​り​ま​せ​ん​。​ ”戦闘準備”​は​一般的​で​、​ど​ん​な​戦闘中​で​も​曳航​さ​れ​る​船​の​ボ​ー​ト​に​艦長​の​家具​を​載​せ​ま​し​た​。​敵​が​艦長​の​個人的財産​を​撃​つ​の​は​と​て​も​公正​で​な​い​と​考​え​ら​れ​ま​し​た​！ False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Frigate_British_Razee \n\n実際には、​水平​に​見​る​と​2層甲板​の​小型戦列艦​に​見​え​ま​す​が​、​上甲板​が​完全​に​取​り​除​か​れ​て​い​ま​す​。​結果​と​し​て​こ​の​船​は​、​元々​は​重砲​の​反動​に​耐​え​ら​れ​る​よ​う​に​造​ら​れ​た​船体​を​持​ち、​通常​の​特注​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​よ​り​も​遥​か​に​強固​で​す​。​また​、​上甲板​と​大砲​を​外​し​た​の​で​、​船​の​操舵性​が​良​く​な​っ​て​い​る​の​で​、​レイジー​は​機動力​が​あ​り​高速​で​す​。​全​て​の​結果​、​レイジー​は​元​と​な​っ​た​戦艦​や​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​よ​り​も​良​い​、​と​て​も​強​固​で​破壊力​を​持​つ​こ​と​と​な​り​ま​す​。​\n\n歴史的​に​は​、​戦列艦​を​犠牲​に​し​て​よ​り​弱​い​船​を​造​る​こ​と​は​、​多​く​の​海軍省​が​政治的支配者達​に​承認​さ​せ​る​こ​と​が​で​き​る​行為​で​は​な​か​っ​た​の​で​、​実際​は​ほ​ん​の​僅​か​な​数​の​レ​イ​ジ​ー​し​か​造​ら​れ​ま​せ​ん​で​し​た​。​し​か​し​な​が​ら​、​最​も​成功​し​た​例​と​し​て​エドワード​・​ペレウ​指揮下​の​HM​S​インディファティガブル​が​あ​り​ま​し​た​。​1797年​、​ペレウ​は​、​も​う​１​隻​の​フ​リ​ゲ​ー​ト​艦​と​一​緒​に​フ​ラ​ン​ス​海軍​の​74門​戦列艦​・​人間の権利号​(Droits de l'Homme)​​と​対戦​し、​打​ち​負​か​し​ま​し​た​。​この​勝利​は​当然、​操船技術​と​指揮​の​驚​く​べ​き​功績​で​あ​る​と​考​え​ら​れ​ま​し​た​。​およそ​次​の​年​の​間​、​ペレウ​と​イ​ン​デ​ィ​フ​ァ​テ​ィ​ガ​ブ​ル​は​さ​ら​に​9隻​の​船​を​続​け​て​拿捕​し​ま​し​た​。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Frigate_Carronade_Frigate \n\nNormally frigates would be armed with long guns, probably no larger than 12-pounders. A few short-barrelled 64-pounder carronades might be aboard to give a close-in broadside more weight of shot. A carronade frigate goes one better, and carries nothing but carronades ? short guns that are half the weight of the equivalent conventional cannon. While the weight of a broadside is truly awesome, the frigate has to get in close in order to blow an enemy to smithereens thanks to the carronades’ limited range. A clever enemy will stay out of range of the carronades’ horrendous power and take long range pot shots.\n\nHistorically, only the Royal Navy experimented with an all-carronade armament aboard HMS Glatton (in service from 1795). Glatton carried 28 64-pounder and 28 32-pounder carronades, giving a weight of fire that was more than 17% greater than HMS Victory could deliver at the Battle of Trafalgar! This massive firepower allowed her, on one occasion, to chase all eight vessels in a French squadron back into port. Oddly enough, the next two vessels to carry the name “Glatton” in RN service were also massively over-armed. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Abdullah_Pasha \n\nA general inspires his men to greater efforts by his presence, if he truly has the gift of command. He need only obey the 17th Century military dictum of “pay well, command well, hang well” to ensure that his troops know exactly what is expected of them. Although it might be tempting to throw a general and his bodyguards into combat to shore up a weak position, or break through in a critical part of the line, this is a waste. A general is not a combat unit: it is his job to command, not bathe his sword in the blood of enemies.\n\nNo Ottoman commander gained his position by being overly concerned about the welfare of his men. Any who showed weakness would have been removed, if not by the sultan then by the fanatically conservative ultra-loyalists of the janissary corps. Other than protecting their own privileges and perquisites, the janissaries were also very protective of the state and its dignity. Of course, a commander who was too successful and threatened the janissaries’ hold on power by possibly taking it away would also have to be cautious of his personal safety. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Ahmed_al-Jazzar_Pasha \n\nA general inspires his men to greater efforts by his presence, if he truly has the gift of command. He need only obey the 17th Century military dictum of “pay well, command well, hang well” to ensure that his troops know exactly what is expected of them. Although it might be tempting to use a general in combat this is a waste. A general is not a combat unit: it is his job to command, not bathe his sword in the blood of enemies.\n\nAhmed al-Jazzar was an Ottoman pasha, or general, who was born in Bosnia, then a Turkish province. He is best known in Western histories for his successful defence of Acre when the city was besieged by Napoleon in 1799. Despite this heroic stand, the pasha was not loved by the people of Acre, or anywhere else unfortunate enough to suffer his rule. He was a cruel man, even in a time when cruelty was considered a legitimate tool of government. He was reputed to keep a mobile gallows to hand, so that those who offended could have the error of their ways swiftly corrected. He died in 1804, having rebuilt Acre to a large extent, but without being extravagantly mourned. His real achievement is in stopping Napoleon’s Syrian campaign before it could get properly started. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Count_von_Bennigsen \n\nThis commander’s presence alone is enough to inspire battle-weary troops to fight on, even in the bleakest of situations. A general who carries the respect and adoration of his troops is a valuable asset and should be treasured. It is advisable to keep this man away from the thick of battle, not only for his protection but to allow him to keep a cool head and make the necessary decisions to win a decisive victory.\n\nCount von Bennigsen started his military career in the Hanoverian army but soon retired and then joined the Russian army as a field officer. Although Bennigsen led a distinguished career in the Russian army, rising quickly through the ranks, he was removed from military service due to his involvement in the plot to assassinate Tsar Paul I. This seemed of little consequence to the Tsar’s heir, Alexander I, who reinstated Bennigsen immediately after his father’s death and made him a general of cavalry in 1802. His was later awarded the Order of St. Andrew, the highest order bestowed by the Russian empire. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_D_Erlon \n\nD’Erlon is a competent leader, able to inspire battle-weary troops, even in the bleakest of situations. A general who carries the respect of his soldiers is a valuable asset and should be treasured. It is advisable to keep him out of the thick of battle, not just for his protection but also so he can be sent to where he can inspire and rally men for maximum effect.\n\nFormer corporal of the French royalist army Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon, was one of Napoleon’s ablest generals, and given command of I Corps during the 100 Days. Having risen from the ranks during the revolution, he proved to be a very able man and fought on virtually every front during the Napoleonic Wars, including in Spain. Unlike the Emperor, he therefore had direct experience of what the British could do in battle. This, however, did not help him during the attack on La Haye Sainte, one of the key moments of Waterloo.\n\nD’Erlon survived the final fall of Napoleon, and was eventually rehabilitated and employed by the Bourbon monarchy as Governor of Algeria. Recalled, he was made a Marshal of France and retired before he died, in bed. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Duke_of_Wellington \n\nSuch is the Duke’s reputation that any troops in his vicinity will be inspired to hold their positions come what may: the men find it difficult to rout when his eagle eye is upon them. His importance to army morale cannot be underestimated, and it is foolhardy to risk him in direct combat. He should be kept well out of range of the enemy and his sword, if it is ever drawn, should only be raised with a rallying cry to bring men back to the cause.\n\nAs a young man, Arthur Wellesley (1769-1852) showed little of the promise and drive that would later earn him honours from numerous European nations and make him one of the most famous British generals of all time. During his early twenties, his mother worried about Arthur’s prospects until he left to study horsemanship in France. Upon his return, he displayed a new focus, bought a commission and took to politics. However, it wasn’t until he was denied permission to marry the woman he loved, and took himself to India, that he resolved to completely dedicate himself to a career in the military. His meteoric rise may have been helped, a little, by his brother who was the Governor General of British India at the time. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Early_Napoleon \n\nNapoleon’s presence alone is enough to inspire battle weary troops to fight on, even in the bleakest of situations. He commands the respect and adoration of his troops, and respects and cares for them in return. The moral fibre he instils in lesser men is a valuable asset on the battlefield. It is advisable to keep him away from the thick of the fighting: it is his task to have a cool head, not be pre-occupied with swinging a sword.\n\nFrom an early age Napoleon’s school masters commented on his pride and ambition, aspects of his personality that were to follow him through to adulthood. Many of his teachers took the time to nurture this talented and promising young man, but none more so than Baron du Teil, the commandant of the artillery school Napoleon attended. He helped lay the foundations for Napoleon’s skills with artillery and helped him to develop a better understanding of tactical concepts which he would later use to outstanding effect. Even as a mature commander, Napoleon never lost his grasp of the simple truth that artillery won battles for him. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Generals_Bodyguard \n\nA routing unit can often cause other units to doubt themselves, and panic can easily spread through the ranks. When soldiers waver, a general’s presence can inspire courage and make men redouble their efforts. His importance also makes him a target for the enemy; a sensible general has a bodyguard of his best soldiers. These men are fiercely loyal and protective of their general, never leaving his side unless all else is lost.\n\nIn 1796, General Napoleon Bonaparte created his own bodyguard of 200 men after a too-close call with some Austrian cavalry. These men were forerunners to the Chasseurs a Cheval of the Guard. Naturally, being the first, they were favoured by Napoleon. Indeed, they were called the ‘Favoured Children’ and, like all children, were often indulged too much and undisciplined. Still, only the most talented men would be recruited to guard the Emperor and, during many of his battles, they proved their skill and bravery in defence of their Emperor. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Gerhard_Blucher \n\nThis man’s presence alone is enough to inspire the battle-weary rank and file great efforts, even in their bleakest moments. A general who carries the respect of his troops is a valuable asset and should be protected in battle. He should be kept away from the cut and thrust of battle, as he should have his mind on command, not dodging bullets.\n\nSwedish by birth, Gebhard von Blucher transferred his allegiance to Prussia after he was captured in 1760. However, a slight tendency towards excess often meant he was passed over for promotion, leading him to resign his commission in 1773. Upon receiving this resignation Fredrick the Great was reported to say “Captain Blucher can take himself to the devil.” He was blacklisted, and Blucher was unable to rejoin the army until after the death of Fredrick. Once back, he distinguished himself, going on to play one of the key roles in the Allied victory at Waterloo. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Johann_Beaulieu \n\nMorale is vital in battle. If one unit routs, another may panic and follow. This can be disastrous for any army, and the presence of a commander who can steady the men should never be underrated. The man who can rally his men, give them courage in the face of overwhelming odds, and still be clear-headed enough to take decisions that may kill them, in the cause of victory, is an indispensable asset. Such generals are more important than armies.\n\nJohann Beaulieu (1725-1819) was an intelligent and knowledgeable general. In his private life he was an art lover and collector and a follower of science. His taste for finer and intellectual things in life did not adversely affect his ability on the battlefield. Working his way up the ranks from cavalry officer to full general, he was renowned for being cool-headed, brave and wise. During the Battle of Lodi in 1796, he fought and lost against Napoleon, at the time a newly appointed general, but Beaulieu would not be the last to do that. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Jozsef_Alvinczi \n\nAlvinczi’s presence alone is enough to inspire his troops to fight on, or go forwards to almost-certain death. A general who has the respect and adoration of his troops is worth protecting, and its is sensible to keep this man out of combat. He should be used to inspire, rally, and command. It is not his place to spend a battle with a sword in his hand and blood in his eye!\n\nA famous pipe smoker and proponent of scientific investigation, Joseph Alvinczi’s military career was punctuated with acts of great personal bravery, something that made him incredibly popular with his men. He played a key role in gathering the Tyrolean militia who resisted Napoleon during his advance across Italy in 1796. He and his new recruits were sent to relieve Mantua and break Napoleon’s siege. At first successful, Alvinczi won a victories at Caldiero and Bassano. He was eventually defeated at Arcole, though he ignored his deteriorating personal health to regroup his men and launch a further attack at Rivoli. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Karl_Schwarzenberg \n\nGeneral Schwarzenberg leads by example: his bravery and skilful manoeuvres on the battlefield spur his followers on to greatness. His importance to morale cannot be underestimated, and so placing him in harm’s way in combat would be extremely foolish. Though he is armed, talents are better used to command an army, not to personally slaughter enemies.\n\nKarl Schwarzenberg (1771-1820) was no stranger to perilous situations, famously breaking through French lines when they besieged the city of Ulm. He actually became Napoleon’s friend during negotiations over Bonaparte’s marriage to Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria. Napoleon respected him enough to give him command of the Austrian corps attached to the Grand Armee in 1812. When Austria joined the Allies in 1814, Schwarzenberg found himself fighting against his friend. He was instrumental in taking Paris and thereby forcing Napoleon into exile on Elba. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Michele_Colli \n\nA general inspires his men to greater efforts by his presence, if he truly has the gift of command. He need only obey the 17th Century military dictum of “pay well, command well, hang well” to ensure that his troops know exactly what is expected of them. Although it might be tempting to throw a general and his bodyguards into combat to shore up a weak position, or break through in a critical part of the line, this is a waste. A general is not a combat unit: it is his job to command, not bathe his sword in the blood of enemies.\n\nMichelangelo-Colli Alessandro Marchini, to use his full name, was an Austrian Feldmarschal-Leutnant in Italy, who opposed with limited success, the advance of the French army. He was rather unfortunate to be facing a military genius Napoleon Bonaparte who, in 1796, had everything to prove on his first campaign. Colli was in charge of a Sardinian army, and was neatly separated from the Austria main force under General Beaulieu. He was later appointed to command the army of the Papal States, without any great success, and then he was attached to the Neapolitan army, under another Austrian commander, Karl Mack von Leiberich. Colli ended his days in Florence, as an Austrian ambassador. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Mikhail_Kutuzov \n\nThe men serving under General Mikhail Kutuzov respect and trust his strategies and orders. Unlike many generals who have bought commissions, he has earned his position through success, not politics. As a result, his men would follow him into the mouth of Hell. His presence alone will make it harder to rout his troops: their faith in him really is that strong. For this reason, he should be kept out of the front line. Although he is armed with a sword his strength is leadership, and his death would be a great blow to the troops.\n\nMikhail Kutziv or Kutuzov (1745-1813) was a Field Marshal famed for defeating the French Grand Armee during Napoleon’s ill-fated invasion of Russia in 1812. By this time, Kutuzov had lost an eye in service, giving him a menacing countenance, and had achieved great honour during the Russo-Turkish Wars. He was a follower of the great Generalissimo Alexander Suvorov (1729-1800), something that certainly gave him the necessary military skills. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Murad_Bey \n\nMurad Bey can inspire his men to fight on, even when they are bone weary and ready to run. Such a man, who has the respect and adoration of his followers is a valuable asset to any state, and should be treated well. It is advisable to keep this man away from combat, for his death could prove disastrous.\n\nMurad Bey was the fierce Mameluke chieftain that faced the French at the famous Battle of the Pyramids. Even after their defeat at the hands of Napoleon and his troops, Murad regrouped his men and remained a threat to the French for some time. The Turkish word “Bey” literally means chieftain and was the original word used to describe Ottoman leaders; later it replaced sultan as a title. Bey was used to refer to military and administrative positions that were lower in status than the “Pashas”, who were governors of Ottoman provinces. As the 19th century began, Bey came to be used as an honorific equivalent to ‘mister’ in English. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Prince_Hohenlohe \n\nA general inspires his men to greater efforts by his presence, if he truly has the gift of command. He need only obey the 17th Century military dictum of “pay well, command well, hang well” to ensure that his troops know exactly what is expected of them. If he does more, then he will be a true prince of battles! Yet, a general is not a combat unit: it is his job to command, not bathe his sword in the blood of enemies.\n\nGeneral Louis Aloy Prince de Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein was a remarkable soldier. He served in the armies of the Palatinate, his father’s domain of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein, the Netherlands, Austria, and eventually France, but only after the fall of Napoleon. He commanded, with some distinction, a regiment of French princes who had been exiled after the Revolution. After what can only be described as an adventurous early career, he became an Austrian major-general, and was then promoted to Feldmarshallleutnant and governor of Galicia. Napoleon attempted to bribe him, with his father’s old lands, into service with the Confederation of the Rhine, a French puppet state, but he refused. He did, however, serve in the French army after the Bourbon restoration, and died a Marshal of France, thanks to his excellent record. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Gen_Tsar_Alexander \n\nThis man’s presence alone is enough to inspire the battle-weary rank and file great efforts, even in their bleakest moments. A general who carries the respect of his troops is a valuable asset and should be protected in battle. Apart from anything else, it is not wise to expose the Tsar to the cut and thrust of battle. He should have his mind on command, not dodging bullets.\n\nThe circumstances that surrounded Alexander I’s death were intriguing, even in comparison to his interesting life. In 1825, his wife’s doctors recommended a trip to the Russian southern city of Taganrog, as the Tsarina had been sick for some time. During their stay, Alexander developed typhus and died. The sudden and unexpected nature of his death led many to speculate that he had faked his own death and left the country to begin a new life in peace and solitude. Some even believed that he took the name Feodor Kozmich and became a hermit, although this was never proven. Regardless of rumour or truth, when Tsar Alexander’s tomb was opened by the later Soviet government it was found to be completely empty. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Elite_British_Black_Watch \n\n他の戦列歩兵連隊と同じようにマスケット銃と銃剣を装備しているブラックウォッチ部隊は、 彼らのベレー帽と黒いタータンチェックのスカートにより戦場において簡単に見分けられます。 これだけでも彼らを何か特別なものと特徴付けるものです。 彼らは高い士気ととても良い闘志を持った優れた部隊です。 高地連隊兵は戦闘における残忍さで評判があり、それは彼らの全てであるので、 彼らは特に敵本隊に突撃を行うときに恐れられます。 しかしながら、全ての戦列歩兵と同じように、もし砲火にさらされたままになれば、 彼らの勇敢さはほとんど役に立ちません。\n\n第42歩兵連隊（王立高地連隊）のほとんどの兵士はスコットランドから徴集され、 推定では彼らの愛称は連隊員が着ていた暗緑色のタータンチェックの 制服一式から由来したものです。 他のスコットランド人部隊とは違って、彼らは氏族のタータンを身につけず、 代わりに官給品の柄のものを着ていました。 この連隊は元々は、1715年のジャコバン派の反乱の後にトーリー党（反乱）氏族を もっと激しく取り締まるために組織されました。 この任務においては、部分的にしか成功しませんでした。 第42連隊はスペインでウェリントン指揮下で戦い、 1815年のカトルバスとワーテルローの戦い両方に参加していました。 この連隊は王室スコットランド連隊第3大隊としてまだイギリス軍に存在しています。 そして、彼らは祖先の多くの誇り高い伝統と価値観を保っています。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Elite_British_Foot_Guards \n\nこの兵士たちは見事に訓練された殺人機械です。 敵のどんな強襲にも動揺せずに次々と一斉射撃を行えます。 彼らは高速で再装填でき、敵に銃剣突撃をして、白兵戦で堂々と振舞えます。 彼らの十分で明らかに高い士気は、 近くの部隊をもっと激しく戦うよう鼓舞することができます。 しかしながら、他の普通の不死ではない戦列歩兵連隊と同じように、 近衛兵も砲撃を受けたり散兵に狙い撃ちにされると死んでしまいます。\n\n近衛連隊達はイギリス軍で最も古い部隊達ですが、典型的にイギリス的で矛盾した形で、 内戦（清教徒革命）の最中別々の側で組織されました！ コールドストリーム近衛部隊は1650年に共和連邦新式軍の一部として召集されました。 第1近衛歩兵は亡命中にチャールズ2世の護衛部隊となるため召集されました。 第1近衛歩兵は1815年のワーテルローの戦いでフランス皇帝親衛擲弾兵を 打ち負かしたので”近衛擲弾兵”となりました。 実際には、彼らは別の部隊を撃退していたのですが、名誉と名は定着しました。 より古い連隊と同様に、コールドストリーム近衛兵達は”Nulli Secundus" 即ち”2番にはならない”という標語を持っていますが、 古の共和主義者たち（コールドストリーム近衛兵）は まだ王党派近衛擲弾兵（第１近衛擲弾兵）に続いて優先表で2番目です。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Elite_Foot_Guards \n\nThese men are experts with the smoothbore musket, famed for their accuracy and fast reloading skills. They are also famous for their meticulously correct uniforms: the post of foot guard can only be held by the very best soldiers. If necessary the guards must be willing to lay down their lives to protect the royal family. This requires a rare breed of man: highly disciplined with excellent morale, able to stand steadfast to the last. On the battlefield the foot guards set an example to inspire nearby units.\n\nHistorically, monarchies vied with each other to have the finest household guards in their palaces. The French Maison du Roi regiment were hand picked by the king from candidates sent in from every line regiment. Officers who sent along duffers for the duty were punished. In Prussia the “Potsdam Giants” were a quirk of Frederick I’s obsession with very, very tall men and military pomp. Oddly, Frederick was not a very warlike chap at all. He just liked tall men. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Elite_French_Old_Guard \n\nこれらの高度に訓練され経験を積んだ兵士達はナポレオンによって選抜され、 彼の個人的な護衛部隊の一部として活動しました。 皇帝親衛隊からの選り抜きなので、 老親衛隊はフランス軍が保有する最も恐ろしい兵士達から組織されています。 肉体的特質と平均より著しく高い身長を特に優先して選抜されているので、 これらの兵士達はナポレオンの敵を心底震え上がらせます。 彼らの兵士としての武勇は世界的に有名で、彼らは単に戦場に居るだけで、 戦闘に疲れた仲間のフランス軍兵士達を戦い続けるように鼓舞できます。\n\nロシアでの劇的な敗北の後、ナポレオンは老親衛隊に別れを告げました。 老親衛隊は彼の数少ない忠誠心ある兵士達でしたが、パリでは助けるすべがなく、 ナポレオンは彼らを解隊するよう強制されました。 しかし、1815年にナポレオンが追放から帰ってくると、老親衛隊は呼び戻され、 自分たちの指揮官と一緒に意気揚々とパリに戻りました。 老親衛隊の終焉は、 彼らが最初で最後の敗走をすることとなったワーテルローの戦いで訪れました。 その日に戦っていた多くのフランス軍兵士達にとって、 老親衛隊の撤退は戦闘とナポレオン彼自身の終わりでした。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Elite_French_Young_Guard \n\n皇帝親衛隊から組織された、若年親衛隊は最精鋭の新兵より成っています。 彼らは周りの部隊を鼓舞し、いつか自分たちも親衛隊に加わる日を 夢見ながら戦い続けるように勇気付けます。 絶え間ない訓練により、彼らは非常に短い時間で再装填し、高い射撃精度で射撃できます。 これらの能力ゆえ彼らは高価な部隊です。 彼らのただ一つの弱点は砲撃と散兵からの狙撃です。\n\n歴史的には、若年親衛隊は戦いで名を挙げたい野心ある若い兵士を沢山引き付けました。 そんな紳士の一人であったエドゥアール・アドルフ・カシミール・ジョセフ・モルティエは 1791年に中尉として軍に加わりました。 彼は革命戦争中に多くの重要な戦いに参加し、ナポレオンは彼を高く評価し、 1804年に彼を元帥リストの一番最初に加えました。 モルティエは大男で、半島戦争での戦闘中に確かに証明された通り、 部下達からとても尊敬されていました。 しかしワーテルローでは酷い坐骨神経痛により戦いに参加できず、 その信頼を活かすことができませんでした。 1835年にルイ-フィリップ王制を復活させようと意図して仕掛けられた爆弾により 他の１１人とともに命を奪われ、ついにその生涯を終えました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Elite_Grenadier_Guards \n\nGrenadiers are elite troops, the tallest and strongest men, taking the position of honour on the right of the line during battle. Grenadier Guards have the ability to inspire their fellow soldiers just by their presence. They are incredibly disciplined and can reload their weapons with breathtaking speed and discharge them with high accuracy. Their extensive training makes them more expensive than line infantry.\n\nThe Grenadier Guards have a prestigious history that dates back to the time of Oliver Cromwell and the exile of King Charles II. Charles gathered troops around him in the hope of reclaiming his throne; one of the first of these units was Lord Wentworth’s Regiment of guards. These men remained in France following Charles’ restoration to the English throne, and another regiment was created to protect him, John Russell’s Regiment. Russell’s and Wentworth’s were eventually combined and became known as the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards. Their renown reached a peak at the battle of Waterloo where they were renamed, by royal proclamation, to the 1st or Grenadier Regiment of Foot Guards, because it was believed they had repulsed the Napoleon’s Grenadiers of the Guard. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Elite_Italian_Velite_Grenadiers \n\nWith a recruitment policy that demands the tallest and strongest men possible, this unit makes an impressive sight on the battlefield. Their presence and reputation has a positive effect on friendly troops, encouraging them on in any dark hours! Unfailing discipline means these men have excellent accuracy and their reload times are almost unrivalled; however, these skills make them an expensive unit; they are also vulnerable, just like lesser men, to artillery and skirmishers.\n\nIn 1809 Napoleon raised two units of Velites from Turin and Florence in Italy. They were raised from well-to-do families; any man with an income of less than 300 francs was overlooked. This recruitment process was a masterstroke from Napoleon: by recruiting units from the middle and upper classes, and by giving their sons positions of power, he ensured the continued support of the influential classes. He continued to buy support from these people by posting their children to the guard and other units where they would see minimal action but still get to wear a lovely uniform. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Elite_Prussian_Foot_Guards \n\nプロイセン軍は軍事教練に執着していたので、 どんな命令にも喜んで従える驚くほど良く訓練された兵士を育てます。 彼らはほとんど比類なき精度と速さで武器を装填、射撃できました。 規律は彼らをほうっておけば命に関わるほどの強力な敵にし、 強力に鍛え上げられた兵士達は白兵戦で他の部隊より優位に立ちます。 しかしながら、これらの能力ゆえ彼らの徴兵費用は高く、また他の兵士同様、 砲撃や散兵の狙撃には脆弱でした。\n\nプロイセン軍はナポレオン戦争期の直前から終わりまで、一連の重要な変化を経験しました。 傭兵部隊は過去のものとなり、真の国民軍に取って変わられました。 1809年、大隊行動の標準型が必要であると決定されました。 単純に大隊を横隊に配置する考えは、 より近代的な”チェッカー盤”隊形に置き換えられました。 これは3つの主な要素から構成されていました、散兵線、主戦列と予備兵力です。 戦闘毎にこれらの要素の規模はかなり変動しました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Elite_Prussian_Life_Regiment \n\nThe steadiness displayed by the men of the 8th Life Regiment is amazing, and on the battlefield they will encourage nearby troops to follow their example. As with many Prussian line infantry units, these men are incredibly disciplined and trained: this makes for excellent marksmen with fast reloading times, though their close formations leave them vulnerable to artillery fire and skirmishers. Being an elite unit, the regiment is expensive to recruit, but their abilities more than justify the extra cost.\n\nThe 8th Life was one of the most celebrated line infantry units of the Prussian army. During the Napoleonic Wars, the line infantry regiments of the Prussian army outnumbered the newer light infantry regiments. Despite changing tactics the 8th was able to maintain its iron discipline and perform useful service. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Elite_Republican_Guards \n\nThe guard are trained to fight in the same fashion as line infantry, delivering volley fire from their smoothbore muskets. They are considered to be elite as they are chosen for their devotion to the national cause and for their personal courage. This devotion to freedom inspires other nearby troops to fight for their liberty and guards’ morale is almost boundless.\n\nHistorically, this unit had a ceremonial role, in much the same way as a royal or household guard would have in a monarchy, giving protection to the head of state. Their presence at formal occasions added legitimacy to the business of a republic. A republican guard was different from a royal guard in one other respect: it might include political officers, who watched for signs of disloyalty. The “palace guard” sometimes became the only unit a leader could trust when politics got out of hand. It was not unknown for the guard to take the role of “kingmakers”, even in a republic and give their protection to a presidential candidate they liked. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Elite_Russian_Lifeguard_Foot \n\nロシアの最も名高い貴族たちの中から選ばれた、 これらの衛兵達はロシア軍で名誉ある地位にいます。 体格と強靭さで選抜されているので、彼らは戦場で簡単に識別でき、 他の部隊を彼らの存在と極めて高い士気で鼓舞します。 彼らの規律はとても高く、射撃精度と再装填時間はほぼ比類ないものです。 これらの能力は安く手に入るものではなく、 また彼らは砲兵と狡猾な散兵と対するときがただ一つの弱点です。\n\n歴史的には、王室近衛兵達はツァーリの全軍の中で最も見た目が派手な部隊です。 見た目と体格で選抜されており、彼らの制服の上着には彼らの素晴らしい体格を 際立たせるために首周りと肩に詰め物がしてありました。 彼らは大抵貴族から召集されていましたが、彼らの武勲を祝して催される宴会での 行いについて、他のヨーロッパ諸国から好ましくない評判を得ていました。 ナポレオンの親衛隊員達は、ロシア軍の王室近衛歩兵達が肉を手で千切り、ワインを 一気飲みし、更に過食するために部屋にそれらを吐くのを見てぞっとさせられました！ False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Gren_Austrian_Hungarian_Grenadiers \n\nハンガリーで召集された、これらの兵士達は、他の国の擲弾兵ではほとんど相手に ならないほどの堂々とした体格と素晴らしい能力を持っています。 ハンガリー人擲弾兵は壮麗な制服により、戦場で注目の的です。 彼らは突撃において壮観で白兵戦の達人であるだけでなく、極めて良い狙撃術も発揮します。 彼らの真の弱点は砲撃と、ひょっとすると、重騎兵に背後から突撃される危険だけです。 不利な戦況においても、彼らの勇気は近くの味方を鼓舞し、 同じように戦うよう勇気付けます。\n\n歴史的には、元々オーストリア軍での兵籍期間は生涯でしたが、1757年までに、 より良質の新兵を得て、兵士達の体格を良くすることを狙って期間限定兵役が 導入されました。兵士達は最大６年間かもしくは、期間に関わらず如何なる戦争状態の間、 軍籍が許可されました。 オーストリア軍のハンガリー人部隊は封建制の徴募により召集されました。 オーストリアは統合軍を持ち、ハプスブルグ絶対王政をハンガリーと共有していましたが、 2つの国は別々の王国として残りました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Gren_Grenadiers \n\n大きく勇敢な兵士だけが擲弾兵になれたので、擲弾兵達は自分たちを精鋭と見なしており、 パレードでは名誉な戦列の右側を占めました。 その大きさと力強さは彼らの突撃をとても壮観なものにし、 接近戦においても有利をもたらします。 擲弾兵は誇り高き集団であり、 その誇りは彼らを命令文書の命令に従う忠実な兵士にしました。 彼らは他の歩兵と同じように、重騎兵と向かい合う時は注意しなければなりませんが、 散兵からの攻撃にも脆弱でした。\n\n歴史的には、擲弾兵連隊と大隊は強襲に特化した部隊として始まりました。 すべての戦列歩兵連隊は擲弾兵中隊を持っていました。 これらの補助部隊を集約することは、指揮官達に重武装かつ攻撃的で 優秀な兵士たちから成る便利な部隊を提供することになりました。 擲弾兵連隊創設後も擲弾兵中隊は戦列歩兵連隊の中に残りましたが、 大部分の擲弾兵は手榴弾を使うことをやめてしまいました。 代わりに、個々の擲弾兵中隊は連隊の中で 最も大きく強い兵士達の”重装荒くれ者部隊”となりました！ False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Gren_Ottoman_Beylik_Janissary_Grenadiers \n\nThese grenadiers are the cream of the Ottoman army, but in comparison to other nations they fight in an old-fashioned way. The Beylik Janissary are unusual because they are grenadiers that still carry grenades. Their relatively small numbers in a unit puts them at a disadvantage against more modern style soldiers, but what they compensate for this lack of numbers by their ferocity. The janissaries are personally brave to the point of foolhardiness; they are given to festooning themselves with weapons and think nothing of hurling themselves into any fight!\n\nHistorically, the corps of janissaries dates back to the 14th Century. They were intended to be a force that was to be completely loyal to the sultan. Boys as young as five were trained and, if necessary, converted to Islam. Janissaries were paid even when not at war, something unheard of in the medieval world! Over time, however, they became bureaucrats and administrators, and this gave them too much power within the Ottoman Empire. Eventually, the janissaries’ entrenched position in government and conservative outlook corrupted them. They became a force against any and all change, contributing to the Ottomans’ decline. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Gren_Prussian_East_Prussian_Grenadiers \n\n大きく勇敢な兵士だけが擲弾兵になれたので、擲弾兵達は自分たちを精鋭と見なしており、 パレードでは名誉な戦列の右側を占めました。 その大きさと力強さは彼らの突撃をとても壮観なものにし、 接近戦においても有利をもたらします。 彼らは重騎兵の突撃を受けたり、散兵から攻撃されると脆弱でした。 これらの弱点を除けば擲弾兵は誇り高き集団であり、命令文書の命令に従う忠実な兵士です。\n\n歴史的にはプロイセン軍は1814年のナポレオン失脚に続き、根本的な再編成を経験しました。 その年の10月に既存の6つの擲弾兵大隊は2個連隊となり、同盟国に敬意を表して、 プロイセン王はそれぞれの連隊を、ロシアのアレクサンドル帝、 オーストリアのフランツ帝にちなんで名付けました。 アレクサンドル皇帝擲弾兵連隊は第1と第2東プロシア大隊と近衛部隊から組織され、 フランツ皇帝連隊はポメラニアン人部隊、西プロシアとシレジア大隊の兵士から 組織されました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Gren_Russian_Pavlovsk_Grenadiers \n\nこれらの強力で、熟練していて致命的な兵士達は最良の中の最良の兵士達です。 彼らは戦闘で繰り返し功績を挙げており、これには変わりがありません。 彼らは白兵戦に秀で、切り立ったように身長が高いので、 彼らの突撃は最も経験を積んだ兵士達にとってさえもとても恐ろしい光景です。 彼らはマスケット銃と同じ様に銃剣の扱いの才能もありますが、砲撃には脆弱です。 また彼らの側面を攻撃できる重騎兵には注意しなければなりません。\n\n歴史的には、他の部隊は近代的な制服を着ている一方、パブロフスク擲弾兵は、 より伝統的な制服を保っていたので、戦場ではすぐ見分けがつきました。 彼らの制服は、フリードランドの戦いでの彼らの勇敢な行動にちなんで ツァーリ・アレクサンドルから与えられた名誉ある制服でした。 彼らは他の全ての歩兵部隊は廃止してしまっていた司教冠型の軍帽を保っていたので、 とても目立ち、ナポレオン時代で最も独特な部隊の一つとなりました。 彼らの勇敢さは伝説となるほどで、彼らの評判は実力によく値しました。 1813年に彼らは皇帝親衛隊に加えられ、再び名誉を得ました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Irreg_Guerillas \n\nGuerrillas are not a recognised military organisation, but bands of comrades and neighbours who have adapted banditry into a way of making war. They fight hard, working in spread out formations that make them difficult for missile troops to hit effectively. They are best when employed in ambush, or as harassing skirmishers. Their “local knowledge” means they are able to hide and appear at will, using their homeland’s hidden places to help fight against invaders. They cannot be expected to fight in carefully dressed lines like disciplined soldiers, and as such are at a disadvantage against well-trained cavalry and infantry.\n\nHistorically, the Spanish people had an enormous capacity for carrying on wars against foreign occupiers long after their rulers had made their peace with an invader. Guerrillas often arose as part of a rebellion; the name is Spanish, and means “little war”. When his men were bogged down, Napoleon described Spain as an “ulcer”, thanks in part to the constant partisan warfare carried on by the guerrillas. They gave the French no peace or safety, even far from the front line. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Irreg_Ottoman_Azzars \n\nLittle more than a rabble, these men are an erratic and unpredictable enemy for line infantry, and they are good at hiding in a variety of terrain types. They lack the necessary skills to fight well in close combat, instead working better at range, in short, sharp sniping attacks. However, if they are forced into a prolonged exchange of fire with regular light or line infantry they will be the weaker force. Cavalry units also pose a real threat to the azzars, as they lack even basic discipline.\n\nHistorically, Azzars had little to do with standard military protocols, practice, or even organisation, often taking up arms in extraordinary circumstances. The lack of discipline meant that they could sometimes be extremely brutish in their behaviour. It often worked in their favour, in that it gave enemies pause for thought. More typically, however, their lack of discipline counted against them and, when faced with a well-ordered force, they were at a disadvantage. However, their mobility was a boon, allowing them to harass an enemy and withdraw as soon as the fight went against them. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Irreg_Ottoman_Bashi_Bazouks \n\nMore than happy to run headlong into an enemy force with nothing but a sword and bared teeth, the Bashi Bazouks are berserk madmen. When engaged in close combat, they are second to none. Their upkeep and recruitment costs are minimal, making them an ideal unit for those with tight purse strings. However, due to their lack of discipline and firearms they are vulnerable to both cavalry and missile-armed troops.\n\nHistorically, the original Turkish form of “Bashi Bazouk” literally meant “damaged head” or “leaderless”. These men were raised from all over the Ottoman Empire, although they originally came from tribes based in Afghanistan. They were never given uniforms, but did receive their weapons from the Ottoman government. Plunder was their only real payment, and this was considered legitimate by the government. Their lawless ways made them difficult to control and they often had to be forcibly disarmed after taking part in battles. This unpredictable nature gave them a fearsome reputation and other nationalities generally feared them as brutal and savage warriors. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_Austrian_Grenzers \n\nこの軽歩兵部隊は戦闘中に敵を遠距離から攻撃し混乱させるために使用されます。 他の散兵と同じように、クロアチア人辺境兵は自分たちを大抵の歩兵よりも 上位であると考えています。 彼らはただ盲目的に命令に従い、隊列を組んで戦闘するのではなく、 個人的に攻撃性や主体性、戦闘技能を発揮することを求められました。 彼らは効果的な方陣を組むことができないので、騎兵に対して脆弱なままですが、 彼らの射撃精度はそれを十分に補います。\n\n歴史的には、オーストリア軍はユサール騎兵や散兵の様な、 質の高い軽装部隊を創る伝統がありました。 クロアチア人辺境兵はこの伝統的部隊の一部であり、 オーストリア帝国支配下のクロアチア人とトランシルバニア人の間から、 トルコに対する辺境防衛隊として召集されていました。 辺境の住民なので、彼らは無法者、さらには盗賊団の気風をある程度持っていましたが、 とても優秀な軽歩兵部隊でした。 やがて、彼らは戦列歩兵と散兵の間に位置する混成型部隊になりました。 多くは戦列隊形で展開しましたが、必要ならば散兵戦術を用いました。 同一のものと確認できる歩兵の名称として、 クロアチア人辺境兵は1918年の第一次大戦終わりまでオーストリア軍に残っていました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_British_KGL_Light_Foot \n\n彼らはハノーヴァー軍の兵士達から徴集され、マスケット銃で武装しています。 この兵士達は白兵戦と射撃戦両方に秀でており、射撃戦での彼らの精度と射程は 殆ど比類ないものです。この多芸さにより、彼らは戦場で驚く程便利です。 騎兵突撃に対する標準的防御である方陣を組むことができないので、 彼らの唯一の弱さは騎兵と直面したときです。\n\n1814年、ヨーロッパ全土が共通の安堵のため息をつきました。フォンテーヌブロー条約は 戦争状態とナポレオンのヨーロッパ支配に終わりをもたらしました。 この協定が調印されるやいなや、イギリス政府はウェリントン軍の分割を始めました。 一部はアメリカでの戦争に送り出され、他は任を解かれて故郷に帰りました。 王立ドイツ人軍団はとても価値があると考えられ、この例から外れました。 しかしながら、他のハノーヴァー人ではない兵士達はすべて任を解かれるか、 他国軍に編入されました。結果としてワーテルローに7000人だけを残して、 王立ドイツ人軍団の数は大きく減りましたが、彼らは皆ハノーヴァーの誇れる男たちでした！ False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_British_Light_Foot \n\nこの軽歩兵達は周りの地形や障害物を有効利用し、 散兵戦術を用いて敵に打撃を与える様訓練されています。 またこのイギリス軍軽歩兵連隊は必要ならば効果的な射撃戦列を組むこともできます。 彼らの射撃精度は素晴らしいものですが、よく訓練された騎兵に対しては弱いです。 方陣を組めないので騎兵に対してはとても脆弱で、長時間の接近戦も推奨できません。\n\nイギリス軍は伝統的にライフル銃兵隊と軽歩兵部隊はドイツ地方から徴兵していました。 しかし、1799年にフランス軍がオランダにまで及ぶと、もはや北ドイツ地方から 徴兵できないので、イギリス軍は徴兵戦略を考え直さざるを得なくなりました。 多くのイギリス軍所属の外国人兵士たちは西インド諸国で戦死するか、 第60王室アメリカ連隊に選抜されていました。 軽歩兵がほとんど運用できなくなったので、1802年、ジョン・ムーア将軍はケントの ショーンクリフに軽歩兵を訓練するための野営地を設立しました。 最初の戦列歩兵部隊をイギリス軍軽歩兵部隊に再訓練・組織するまで１年かかりました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_French_6th_Legere \n\nこれらの多用途の熟練兵達は、集中した一斉射撃を行うために整列したり、 敵の隊列を崩す遠距離からの攻撃を行うために広い散開隊形に切り替えることができます。 彼らは戦闘で経験を積んでいるので、とても良い精度でマスケットを射撃できますが、 彼らの柔軟性はある種の特殊技能を欠いていることも意味します。 彼らは他の散兵ほど射撃が上手いわけでもなく、 戦列歩兵の一斉射撃ほど破壊的でもないのです。 また彼らは方陣を組む能力も欠いているので、騎兵突撃に対して脆弱です。\n\n歴史的には、第6連隊はナポレオン戦争中に40を超える戦いに参加し、 功績により7回戦闘勲章を授与されていました。 そのうちの4つは、マレンゴの戦い、ウルムの戦い、イェナの戦い、そしてワグラムの戦いに おけるオーストリア軍に対しての勝利に与えられました。 1809年のワグラムの戦いにおける敗北はオーストリア軍にとって特に壊滅的なものでした。 オーストリアは国民的戦意が崩壊し、 帝国の多くの領土を失うことになる講和条約にサインせざるを得なくなったのです。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_French_Chasseurs \n\n軽装で、速く素早いこれらの兵士達は散兵網を組むことに優れており、 攻勢を牽制したり撤退戦で後衛を守ります。 彼らはマスケット銃で武装しており、 皆等しく戦列隊形や広い散兵隊形で展開することに熟達しています。 彼らの射程と精度は模範的なものですが、接近戦で必要な能力を欠いています。 方陣を組むことができないので、騎兵突撃に脆弱です。\n\n歴史的には、ナポレオンの猟兵部隊は徒歩と騎馬両方の連隊を含んでいました。 歩兵連隊はシャスール ア ピエ（徒歩猟兵）と名付けられ、 中でも功績を挙げた兵士は名誉な擲弾兵に昇格されることがありました。 騎兵部隊はシャスール ア シュバル（騎馬猟兵）として知られ、 フランス軍ユサール騎兵に対抗意識を持っていました。 それぞれの部隊は自分たちが他よりも優れていると信じていたので、 結果として誰が一番勇敢なのかとか、 誰がより良い騎兵なのかとかで仲間内でよく喧嘩になりました。 ユサール騎兵はもっと高価な制服を着ていたにも関わらず、 猟兵達はナポレオンの護衛部隊は自分たちの中から選ばれると主張しました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_Light_Infantry \n\nThese men are versatile soldiers: whether firing in a disciplined line or skirmishing in loose formation, they bring a good self-discipline and accuracy to the battle. They carry smoothbore, muzzle-loading muskets, but do not rely on massed fire. Instead they aim at individuals within the enemy ranks, killing officers, sergeants and anyone else who takes charge. They also fight their own specialised battle, driving off enemy skirmishers. However, they may prove weak when pitted against line infantry or highly expert skirmishers such as riflemen.\n\nBy the early 1800s, light infantry had a much greater role on the battlefield, at least in Napoleon’s forces. Many armies still saw light infantry as little more than auxiliary troops, choosing to favour the old, tried and tested tactics of massed volley fire and close formations. Napoleon, on the other hand, recognised the advantage flexibility conferred, and used light infantry extensively, to harass enemy lines to pieces, then closing up for a final rush. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_Lombardy-Cisalpine_Legion \n\nThe Lombardy-Cisalpline Legion is trained to use an effective combination of loose and close knit formations. They are skirmishers, used to harass the enemy at long range before concentrating into a tighter formation for a last charge. Their versatility has some disadvantages however, and they may come unstuck against troops trained to specialise in one area of expertise.\n\nHistorically, many of the troops in Napoleon’s Italian army were Polish emigrants, who looked to Revolutionary France for sanctuary and inspiration after the third partition of Poland in 1795. The Polish legions were assembled by Jan Henryk Dabrowski acting for the Cisalpline Republic, a French puppet state. Eventually they became part of the army of the Republic of Lombardy. All, however, were under the command of Bonaparte. Napoleon made his name during his Italian campaign, thanks to his appeal to the common soldiers and brilliant strategies. He had the respect and admiration of his men and even managed to inspire the Army of Italy in 1796, despite the fact that they were under-equipped, underfed and unpaid! False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_Ottoman_Nizam_I_Cedit_Light_Infantry \n\nFighting in a formal way with tight control and disciplined fire is a new idea for Turkish troops. The traditional method has involved brave men hurling themselves pell-mell at the enemy with no thought of defeat. The nizam i cedit still fight bravely, but with Western tactics. They have adopted a combination of formations used by Western light infantry, and can switch quickly between skirmishing and a regular firing line.\n\nHistorically, the nizam i cedit reforms were made vital by the repeatedly poor performance of the Ottoman army in battle against Russians. The empire’s inability to defend itself against growing threats was the reason Turkey became known as the “sick man of Europe”. The French Revolutionary Republic, anxious for any allies no matter how unlikely, provided military expertise to the Ottomans. The retraining of the army was not without problems: the janissaries resented their loss of position, privileges and influence. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_Portuguese_Cazadores \n\nLiterally translated, cazadores means “hunters” and huntsmen make up a large proportion of the rank and file, along with mountain men of various kinds. Their independent spirits naturally lend themselves to skirmishing. All of these men make their living in the wilds, and are excellent marksmen. However, in close combat or when facing cavalry, the cazadores are disadvantaged.\n\nHistorically, the cazadores were created to replace the light infantry units that had been sent to fight in the French army’s Portuguese Legion. Because the cazadores were a new unit, the Portuguese took the opportunity to give them elite status. Fearing French attacks along the mountainous Spanish border, men familiar with the terrain were the first choice of recruits. Despite problems in finding enough weapons for them, the cazadores went on to garner an impressive reputation, becoming the elite force the Portuguese government so needed. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_Prussian_Fusiliers \n\n厳格な訓練と注意深い選抜により、 フュージリアはプロイセン軍最高の部隊の一つになっていました。 兵士たちは滑腔銃身のマスケット銃と銃剣で武装しており、 軽歩兵と戦列歩兵の戦術を最大限利用する様訓練されています。 彼らのただ一つの致命的弱点は、騎兵の脅威に晒された時です。 彼らは方陣を組むことができませんでした。\n\nプロイセン軍最初のフュージリア大隊が公式に組織されたのは1787年でした。 ですがその起源は七年戦争の”自由連隊”にまで遡ります。 その部隊らは酷く低い規律や横柄な行動、脱走で有名でした。 しかしながら、脱走は当時一般的な問題でした。 実際、脱走は多くの軍隊にとって問題として残り、 特に軽歩兵部隊に徴集された兵士たちの間で顕著でした。 軽歩兵はよく下士官や将校の直接指揮が届かない所で行動するので、 本当に脱走したい場合は激戦の最中からこっそり逃げ出すことができます。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_Russian_17th_Jager \n\n密集隊形で一斉射撃を行うことが出来る、この猟兵達は敵の戦術に順応します。 彼らは戦闘で経験を積んでいるので高い火力をもっていますが、 この猟兵部隊としての柔軟性には欠点もあります。 彼らは他の散兵程射撃精度が良くなく、 一斉射撃の応酬でもいつも戦列歩兵に勝てるわけでもありません。 また彼らは方陣を組むことができないので、騎兵突撃に脆弱です。\n\n1804年〜1813年の間、ロシアは二つの戦線で戦っていました。 ナポレオンの部隊を抑えながら、プロイセンと領土で争っていたのです。 このロシア−プロイセン戦争は両国が同じ土地での権利を強化することを 狙ってのものでした。ロシアは帝国の領土を広げようとし、 プロイセンはいつも自分たちのものと考えていた土地を守ろうとしていました。 ロシアはフランスとも交戦していたので、 プロイセンとの戦いに大きな兵力を動員することができず、 優位に立つために代わりにより優れた技術と戦術に頼らねばなりませんでした。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Light_Russian_Jager \n\nよく働き、よく酒を飲むこれらの兵士達は考えられるどんな苦難に耐える屈強な兵士達です。 彼らは強靭で、上官に対して忠実です。 猟兵は、ほとんど軍事農奴のように、死ぬまでロシア軍に在籍します。 ともかく、彼らのほとんどは農奴でした。 彼らはロシア大地で生きる生涯の経験を持ち、とても野蛮で恐れられています。 しかし、彼らは接近戦にはあまり向いておらず、敵に銃弾を浴びせるときにより有効です。\n\n不思議なことに、ツァーリ（ロシア皇帝）の軍隊は体格によって振り分けられた連隊でした。 最も背の高い兵士達は必ず擲弾兵になり、最も小柄な兵士達は猟兵大隊に配属されました。 しかし、体格は軍務の質の保障にはなりません。 1811年、バルクレイ・デ・トーリー元帥は、兵士個人の長所と価値で配属が決まるように 制度を改めました。さらに不思議なことに、この兵士達を”大きさ別に”配属する習慣は、 ソビエト軍の時代にまで続きましたが、 これには背が高かったり大きい兵士達は戦車に向かないという現実的な理由がありました。 ロシア軍の戦車の設計思想は可能な限り車高を低くすることだったので、 内部空間は狭くなりました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Austrian_1st_Emperors_Own \n\n第１連隊 ”皇帝直属部隊”は射撃と銃剣術の達人で、 戦闘で鍛え上げられたチェコ人兵士達から成っています。 彼らは決定的な銃剣突撃を行う前に、一斉射撃を行いながら敵に前進させるのに最適です。 彼らは壊滅的な騎兵突撃から身を守るために、方陣を組むことができますが、 方陣を組むと砲撃に脆弱になります。\n\n歴史的には、オーストリア軍は陸軍省の保守的態度のせいで損害を被りました。 規則は、軍−民行政機関である王室戦争評議会によって軍に言い渡されました。 殆どの国が軍を近代化し、より緩い隊列を敷き、軽歩兵を活用しようとしていた時代に おいて、官僚政治の根強い悪影響はオーストリア軍は適応できないことを意味しました。 改革は敗北の度に叫ばれましたが、財政問題により挫折しました。 不適当でけちな国家指導にも関わらず、 オーストリア軍の兵卒達は勇敢かつ規律をもって行動するために、戦い続けました。 驚くことに、現代の様な問題が200年前の軍隊にあったのです！ False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Austrian_47th_Czech \n\nThese veteran soldiers are adept at close and fire combat. When formed in a disciplined line, they can unleash a massed volley of fire and then move forwards to engage in melee with the enemy. Their strength in close formation is also one of their weaknesses: they are a large target for artillery or skirmishers. Cavalry charges on the line can be devastating, but the 47th Regiment can form square when required.\n\nIn 1809, the Czech 47th Regiment distinguished itself at the Battle of Aspern-Essling, the first battle Napoleon had personally lost in ten years. Using tactics and tricks such as laying down to minimise casualties from artillery bombardments, the Austrians prevented the French from crossing the Danube. The French would later succeed in crossing on their second attempt at Wagram a few months later.\n\nThe Austrian army consisted of troops from many nations, as the Austrian “empire” was a patchwork of personal fiefs and states. Many Austrian soldiers were technically from the Holy Roman Empire: ruled by Francis II (1768-1835), the Empire included 3 million Czechs until 1806. After that date, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved and Francis became Francis I of Austria. He did manage to hang on to some of the old Empire’s soldiery. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Austrian_German_Fusiliers \n\nGerman Fusiliers are line infantry who take their title from the fusils, light flintlock muskets, that they carry. Forming the line of battle, they must be able to calmly take aim at their targets as shells explode around them, skirmisher’s shots smack home, and enemy cavalry bear down upon them. Fusiliers are effective against cavalry when in square, and excel in close combat, but care needs to be taken against skirmishers at extreme range.\n\nHistorically, the Austrian army’s infantry was divided into German and Hungarian regiments. The Hungarians were renowned for their ferocity, and the Germans for rigid discipline. This was particularly true of the fusiliers who fought in the rigid formations that made up the bulk of the army. During the Napoleonic Wars, units such as skirmishers, grenadiers and artillery took on more of the fighting as tactics evolved, but the line regiments remained almost unchanged as organisations. Their company and battalion structure still forms the basis of modern armies. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_British_88th_Foot \n\nA little rough around the edges, but courageous and professional on the battlefield, the Connaught Rangers are an Irish line infantry regiment. Whether pushing home a bayonet or forming a disciplined firing line, these men will stand and fight. Like all line infantry, they are vulnerable to artillery fire and the sniping of skirmishers, but they can quickly counter cavalry charges by forming square.\n\nRaised in 1793, the Connaught Rangers were among the best regiments in Wellington’s army, and distinguished themselves repeatedly in battle. General Picton, their divisional commander, saw them as little more than a plundering rabble and never held back from insulting their Irish roots and Catholic religion. This was probably the result of an unfortunate incident involving two Rangers and a goat. The Rangers caught Wellington’s eye at the Battle of Bussaco in 1810, when he declared that he never witnessed a more gallant charge. They attacked without orders from General Picton who was notably absent from the battle! False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_British_Foot \n\n高い規律を持ち、敵を目の前にしても怯まないこの兵士達は、 戦列歩兵戦術をよく訓練されています。 彼らは飛び出して”勝利の栄光への炎のような渇望”をもって戦うよりも、 仕方なしに義務を果たす決意をしがちなようです。 戦列が密集しているので、砲兵の砲撃や散兵には脆弱でした。 また、横隊を組んだままでは重騎兵に蹴散らされてしまいます。 重騎兵の脅威に対抗するために、彼らは方陣を組むことができました。 士気が保たれる限り、方陣を組んだ歩兵部隊は敵騎兵を撃退することができるでしょう。\n\nイギリス軍戦列歩兵の武器は有名な”ブラウン・ベス”でした。 様々な兵種で1730年から1810年まで使用された火打石式マスケット銃です。 他の国々は独自の標準的な仕様のマスケット銃を持っていました。 ブラウン・ベスはフランス軍のマスケット銃には入らない大きく重い銃弾を 使用していたので、戦場でイギリス軍の弾薬を奪っても無意味でした。 銃弾を溶かして鋳造し直し使用することはできましたが、戦場でイギリス軍の弾薬を 使用してフランス軍兵士がイギリス軍を即座に攻撃することはできませんでした。 戦時に、銃床を地面に叩きつけることにより”タップ・ロード”装填が可能であることを イギリス軍は発見しました。弾丸は銃身に押し込まれ、そして射撃が可能になりました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_British_Highland_Foot \n\nスコットランド高地の獰猛な人々から召集されたので、この兵士達はスコットランド氏族が 自制している獰猛さと、イギリス行軍連隊のとても激しい訓練の権化です。 敵に射撃を行っても、銃剣突撃しても、彼らはよく戦います。 またスコットランド人の誇りにより彼らはへそ曲がり気質で、 隊列を崩して敗走することはめったにありません。 他の戦列歩兵連隊同様、彼らは騎兵に攻撃されたときは方陣を組まなければなりません。\n\nナポレオン戦争を戦った高地連隊は、1745年のジャコバン派の反乱の後、 秩序を保つために召集された独立中隊が基礎となっています。 反乱の鎮圧は残酷な作業で、参加した高地連隊兵達は残忍で屈強な兵士でした。 正規の任務においては、彼らは堅実で、頼りになる、まわりでどんな事が起きようとも 戦い続けることが出来る勇敢な兵士になりました。 例として、第42”ブラック　ウォッチ”連隊は1809年のコルーニャの戦いで フランス軍の度重なる強襲を撃退し、イギリス軍が港から逃げる時間を稼ぎました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_British_KGL_Foot \n\nよく訓練され、とても尊敬されている王立ドイツ人軍団の歩兵連隊は 戦闘で戦列を保つことに責任を持ちます。 戦場に展開すれば、彼らは砲撃や散兵、騎兵突撃の脅威をものともせず、 敵にとても効果的な一斉射撃を浴びせます。 騎兵突撃には方陣を組むことで対応すべきです。 彼らは接近戦での能力に正当な自信を持って戦い、銃剣を残忍に使って敵を怯ませます。\n\n歴史的には、王立ドイツ人軍団の主な者達は、ナポレオンのハノーヴァー占領の後に 解隊されてしまっていたハノーヴァー軍から召集されていました。 イギリス国王はハノーヴァー選帝侯でもあったので、ナポレオンを打倒するために戦い、 死ぬ準備ができているハノーヴァー人亡命者たちの部隊をすぐに創ることができました。 王立ドイツ人軍団は戦闘と訓練で模範的であったので、イギリスはすぐに彼らに 高い関心を持ちました。ハノーヴァー人の士官達は戦争へのプロ意識を持っており、 それは一方の、戦術と訓練は正しい紳士の関心事に劣ると考えていた生粋の イギリス人士官達が大きく欠いているものでした。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Brunswick_Line_Infantry \n\nThey are an extremely versatile force, and can be relied on to give a good account of themselves in most circumstances. Cavalry will have an extremely hard time breaking any Brunswick square. However, like other line infantry they cannot be left exposed to punishing cannon fire: their bravery and skills are of little use against an artillery bombardment. Like other musket-armed infantry they are vulnerable to skirmishers if their attackers keep under cover and at long range.\n\nBrunswick Infantry fought alongside British troops in the Peninsular War (1810-14). They were organised, armed and equipped in a largely British fashion, as might have been expected: the men came from the “Black Band”, a Brunswicker force that had been evacuated from Germany by the Royal Navy just ahead of an advancing French army. Once reformed and retrained, and then despatched to Spain, the Brunswickers proved their worth time and again as troops who could be relied on to fight, and fight hard. They kept this reputation, and were in the Anglo-Allied army at Waterloo (18 June 1815), gallantly defending the farmhouse of La Haye Sainte against repeated French attacks. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_French_18th_Ligne \n\n第18連隊は彼らを”勇猛”と知っている仲間の兵士達から崇拝されています。 彼らは経験を積んだ兵士なので、戦場において価値があります。 横隊を組めば、彼らは敵に一斉射撃を浴びせ、それに続いて決定的な突撃を行い、 敵に接近戦でとどめを刺すことができます。 勇猛であるかどうかは関係なく、彼らは依然として砲兵と散兵の狙撃に脆弱です。 他の戦列歩兵同様、彼らは敵騎兵を撃退するために方陣を組むことができます。\n\n当時ヨーロッパで起きた最も大規模な戦いであった1813年のライプツィッヒの戦いに 第18連隊は参加していました。 戦いは第6次対仏大同盟の勝利に終わり、ナポレオンは退却を余儀なくされました。 これにより小さいドイツの州が対仏大同盟に参加し始めました。 ライプツィッヒでの勝利のおかげで、 大同盟軍はフランス軍を数で上回ることになりました。 なにはともあれ、ナポレオンは1812年の失敗に終わったロシア戦役の間に 彼の大陸軍を失ってしまっていました。 大同盟軍は皇帝ナポレオンとの戦闘を避け、代わりにより能力が低い彼の部下を 攻撃することによって、さらにナポレオン軍を弱体化させました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_French_Fusiliers \n\nフュージリア兵は着剣して接近する前に一斉射撃を繰り返し行いながら 敵に向かって前進します。 彼らは歩兵なので、騎兵が持っている突進力と気迫を欠いていますが、 自分たちの戦場での価値に正当な誇りを持っています。 彼らは騎兵に脅かされたときは方陣を組を組むことができ、 他の敵歩兵を酷い目に遭わせることができますが、 散兵の狙撃や砲兵の砲撃には脆弱です。\n\nフュージリア兵はナポレオン軍の普通の兵士と見なされました。 ナポレオンの貴重な皇帝親衛隊やその砲兵陣形、軽歩兵部隊に 降り注いだ名声や特権を彼らはほとんど享受しませんでした。 しかしながら彼らはナポレオンの勝利には不可欠でした。 強靭で頼りになり、ナポレオンに忠実だったからです。 彼らはほぼすべての状況で元帥になるチャンスをあてにすることが出来ました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_French_Revolutionary_Infantry \n\nこれらの歩兵達は自分たちの行動は革命と最愛のフランスを守るために 正義で高潔、名誉あるものであると確信させられています。 彼らは一般民衆の兵士であり、高い士気で浮かれており経験を欠いているので、 戦場において勇敢さで狂気の功績を挙げることができます。 数において優勢で、訓練で劣るので、武装した暴徒より少し良いだけですが、 彼らはとんでもない暴徒です！彼らは自分たちは正しいという熱狂的な確信に燃えており、 これは彼らが不器用に扱うマスケット銃などよりも良い武器なのです。\n\n1791年以前、フランス軍には古い封建的制度が続いていました。 将校達は氏族の繋がりと血統で地位を獲得していました。 普通の兵士達はひどく扱われました。 一連の反乱や軍事的反逆により1791年にいくらか改革が行われました。 司法法典と財政改革、下級社会層への士官階級の開放です。 しかし軍隊を抑圧の道具から国民の軍隊へ変えたのはバスチーユ監獄の襲撃に 参加した革命軍とフランス軍近衛部隊でした。 革命軍の兵士達は結局、望んでですが、 ナポレオンが必要とした軍事教練を受け入れなければなりませんでした。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Line_Infantry \n\n“Marching regiments” or “line battalions” make up the majority of units in most armies. They are so called because they form the line of battle, not because they always deploy in a line. In fact, when faced with a cavalry charge, it is wise to form square for protection. Their strength comes from their close formation which gives them firepower and strength in melee, but this also leaves them vulnerable to artillery and skirmishers.\n\nHistorically, these soldiers carried muzzle-loading, smoothbore muskets firing lead balls as wide as a man’s thumb. These were inaccurate weapons, effective only over 200 paces or so. They were usually fired in massed volleys to increase the chance of the target being hit! This also meant that the whole unit was busy reloading at the same time. To counter this, the British Army perfected a kind of continuous rolling barrage called platoon fire. A regiment would divide itself into two halves and fire alternately, so that while one “platoon” (the modern use of the word has a different meaning) was firing, the other was loading. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Ottoman_Beylik_Janissary_Musketeers \n\nThe janissaries are the cream of the Ottoman army but, in comparison to some other national armies, they fight in an old-fashioned way. Their strict code values personal initiative and courage, making them fierce warriors when in close combat. They are carry swords, and refuse to adopt bayonets, making them more vulnerable to cavalry charges than European troops.\n\nHistorically, the janissaries were the paid “new soldiers” of the sultan, rather than feudal levies. The corps grew so powerful they became a law unto themselves, able to make and break sultans as they saw fit. They were also deeply conservative in the outlook, and jealous of any threats to their position as the Ottomans’ best military force and its bureaucracy. This arrogance eventually lead to their downfall in what became known as the “Auspicious Incident”: Sultan Mahmud II goaded them into yet another revolt, then crushed them. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Ottoman_Nizam_I_Cedit_Infantry \n\nThe nizam i cedit infantry are a mixture of traditional Ottoman military ideas and western discipline. They have kept the tradition of Turkish bravery and blended it with the drills and formal tactics practiced by European armies. This includes adopted their Western-style uniforms and bayonets. This makes them effective against enemy cavalry, but they remain vulnerable to artillery fire and the sniping of skirmishers.\n\nThe nizam i cedit was the first westernised infantry in the Ottoman Empire. By the late 18th century the Ottoman army was struggling against modern forces. The janissaries, the Ottoman’s shock troops, had become corrupted and ineffective. This forced Selim III (1761-1808) to establish a “new model” army with help from French military advisors. Though the nizam i cedit proved a success in battle, the corps was disbanded in the aftermath of the Janissary revolt that deposed Selim III. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Polish_Legion \n\nこの部隊は他の歩兵よりも社会的地位が劣るものとされ、給料も安いものでしたが、 命じられれば彼らは悪魔のように戦いました。 彼らは堂々と射撃や砲撃、白兵戦に耐え、 そして敵を駆逐するために勇気を持って前進します。 マスケット銃と銃剣で武装しており、密集している敵軍に絶えず一斉射撃を行ったり、 着剣して白兵戦を行うことができます。 彼らは他の歩兵の様な華やかさは欠いているかもしれませんが、 命じられたことはすべてこなします。\n\nポーランド人はナポレオンの熱狂的支持者で、彼を解放者と見なしました。 この賞賛は相互的なものでした。 皇帝ナポレオンはポーランド人部隊は、 フランスの同等の部隊と同じ敬意をもって扱われるものであると宣言しました。 ポーランド人歩兵は防御的戦術に優れ、フランス人が好んだ集団強襲は避けていました。 結果として彼らは砲兵の攻撃に対しては脆弱性がより少なく、 損害を減らすために砲火の下では座っていることでも知られていました！ False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Provincial_Ottoman_Nizam_I_Cedit \n\nThe nizam i cedit are the retrained troops of the “new model” Ottoman armies. They use European tactics and drill, but still retain a distinctly Ottoman Turkish taste, and flare, for battle. They are equipped with muskets and bayonets, allowing them to fire volleys and then attack in close combat. They can form square to counter cavalry attacks, but are vulnerable to artillery fire when they do so.\n\nSultan Selim III created the nizam i cedit in 1794, an army trained in the Western style, and one that was intended to replace the feudal and janissary troops found in Ottoman armies. The old-style army had been beaten when it faced the Russians, and Selim saw that change was needed. The nizam i cedit proved successful, and a second orta was organised as a mounted militia, recruited from ethnic Turkish peasants. Further expansion of the idea came to naught, as Selim was removed, violently, by a janissary revolt motivated by their resentment of change. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Prussian_Musketeers \n\nプロイセン軍戦列歩兵は強力な銃剣突撃により白兵戦において奮闘します。 彼らは敵に滑腔銃身のマスケット銃で壊滅的な一斉射撃を浴びせることに長けていました。 プロイセン帝国の過去の栄光を教え込まれていたので、彼らの士気は高いのですが、 それは砲兵の集中砲撃や散兵の狙撃に対する防御とはなりませんでした。\n\n1806年以前までは、プロイセン軍は少し自己満足になっていました。 7年戦争の栄光はプロイセン軍兵士の無敵を意味すると自信を持っていたのです。 とても有利に戦った軍隊を変える必要はなかったのです。 鉄の規律はどんな敵でも打破するのに十分であると考えられていました。 一点の汚れもなく完璧に訓練されたプロイセン軍は見た目はとても立派でしたが、 ナポレオンの様な戦術の天才と対戦するには不十分でした。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Russian_Moscow_Musketeers \n\nこれらの兵士達は戦闘で鍛えられた熟練兵なので、戦場ではとても貴重です。 密集戦列を組んで、敵に一斉射撃を浴びせて混乱させ、 決定的な銃剣突撃を行うことが出来ます。 彼らの全ての経験から、彼らは砲兵や散兵からの射撃に依然として脆弱ですが、 潜在的に非常に危険な騎兵突撃に対抗するために方陣を組むことができます。\n\n1812年、偉大な勝利とツァーリ・アレクサンドル１世の隷属的降伏を狙って、 ナポレオンは彼の大陸軍をモスクワに進軍させました。 しかしながら、フランス軍はモスクワへの行軍途中、飢餓で大きな損害を受けました。 ヨーロッパの豊かな地域では（現地の人々が嬉々として食料を差し出したので）補給に 困らなかったことがロシアの冷たい大地では裏目に出てしまい、 またロシア軍の焦土作戦によりさらに過酷な状況にさらされました。 フランス軍はモスクワで補給物資を得たくてたまりませんでしたが、 ロシア軍は否定的戦略を続け、都市から動かせるものは全て取り払い、 残りは焼き払いました。 勝利と食料を奪い、大陸軍は撤退し、ロシアの冬の中へ進軍しました。 ナポレオンは少なくとも軍の4分の3を、ロシア大草原で凍死と餓死で失いました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Russian_Musketeers \n\nロシアの敵達でさえ、この母なるロシア大地の息子たちを渋々ながら尊敬しています。 彼らは滑腔銃身のマスケット銃で敵に破壊的な一斉射撃を浴びせることができ、 それに続いて強力な銃剣突撃を行います。 彼らの士気は高いですが、これは砲撃や散兵の狙撃に対する防御にはなりません。 もし騎兵に脅かされれば、彼らは方陣を組むことが出来ます。\n\n1810年当時の陸軍大臣バルクライ・デ・トーリーはロシア軍を同時代の戦術に 追いつかせる為に、完全な再編成を開始しました。 彼以前のロシア軍は、エカテリーナ２世の多くの政策を覆し、無視し、破壊した、 ツァーリ・パーヴェル１世の奇行に悩まされていました。 パーヴェルはフリードリヒ大帝の軍隊を模範としましたが、 それはすでに四半世紀時代遅れな組織体系でした。 パーヴェルが彼の哀れな兵士達に与えたもう一つの狂気は鉄製膝あての導入でした。 これは防御の為ではなく、兵士達に”正しい”突っ張り足の行進体勢をとらせるためでした！ False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Line_Swiss_Foot \n\nAs line infantry they are a relatively versatile force for their general, and can be relied on to stand and fire, or give a good account of themselves in close combat. They are, of course, vulnerable to artillery fire, and can suffer if left exposed to skirmishers. Against cavalry, they can quickly form square, and then withstand an attack.\n\nThe Swiss have a long tradition of serving in foreign armies, as long as the money was there. The saying “No money, no Swiss” dates back to at least the Renaissance, when Swiss mercenaries were regarded as among the best in Europe. When paid, there were no fiercer soldiers. By the Napoleonic era, Swiss units were exclusive to the French army and the Papal Swiss Guard of the Vatican. At the Battle of Berezina, the Swiss covered the French retreat under fire from the Russians, and this brave service was immortalised in the song “Beresinalied”. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Melee_Ottoman_Cemaat_Janissaries \n\nThe janissaries are the cream of the Ottoman army, but also old fashioned and outmoded by contemporary military forces. They are traditionalists in all things, and this includes making war: they value personal courage and skill, not collective discipline. They are, however, supremely dangerous fighters in close combat and when they charge home.\n\nHistorically, the janissaries were the “new soldiers” of the Ottoman Empire, the replacements for feudal levies and tribal warriors. Janissaries were taken into the corps as children, converted to Islam if necessary, and indoctrinated to fight and die for the Ottoman sultan. They were completely loyal, reliable and efficient, so much so that the Ottoman state came to rely on them as military governors and administrators as well as warriors. This gave them too much power and the new soldiers slowly became the entrenched conservatives who fought any further reforms. Their loyalty was such that they could even rationalise revolt against the sultan, if his policies went against what they considered the best interests of the Ottoman Empire. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Militia_Austrian_Landesschutzen \n\n冷笑家は国土防衛隊を大砲の餌食と表現するでしょう。 彼らは名声を欠き、結果として士気は低いものでした。 彼らは他のより地位が高い正規部隊には当たり前の装備を与えられませんでした。 この様な見方は間違っています。民兵としては、国土防衛隊は良い狙撃技術を持ち、 戦闘においてとても熟達しています。彼らは他の民兵部隊に対してしっかり対抗し、 不注意な正規歩兵に意地悪な奇襲攻撃を行います。 彼らは銃剣を持っていないので、接近戦ではライフル銃をこん棒として使います。\n\n1805年、オーストリアはフランス軍とその同盟軍に敗北したので、 チロルからバイエルンまでの領土を失いました。 1809年にオーストリア人国家主義者アンドレアス・ホファーは新しい支配者に対して反乱を 組織し、チロルを奪い返し、インスブルックを一度だけでなく、 二度奪取することに成功しました。 フランスに対する戦争中、ホファーは民兵隊長で、かなりの腕の狙撃手でした。 フランスの将軍たちの悩みの種であった彼は罠にはめられ、捕われました。 彼は裁判の後、1810年に銃殺され、英雄としての地位は揺ぎないものになりました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Militia_French_National_Guard \n\n他の民兵部隊と比べれば、国民衛兵隊は明らかに優れた戦力です。 ですが、正規軍と対峙することを期待するべきではありません。 彼らは武装した警備兵力であり、治安を維持することが目的だからです。 戦闘においては、彼らは自信を欠いているので、逃げてしまうでしょう。 ですが、彼らは治安を保つことができる便利な駐屯部隊であり、徴集費用と維持費が安いです。\n\nフランス国民衛兵隊は1789年に”la Grande Peur”、”大恐怖”の 結果として組織されました。 穀物収穫の失敗により不満が高まり、警備兵力として国家的な召集が必要とされました。 州兵部隊は不満の源だった小作農民からくじ引きで徴集されていたので、 信頼できませんでした。 それに対して、州兵部隊は自分で制服と装備を用意しなければならなかったということだけで、 国民衛兵隊は中産階級を引き込みました。 その様な社会的違いにより彼らはより信頼できる兵力になりました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Militia_Militia \n\n民兵部隊に所属する兵士は自分が戦場に送り込まれるとはほとんど思っていません。 彼らの多くは予備兵力となったり、地方の法的取り締まりを行います。 その結果として、もし戦場に投入されると逃げ出してしまうでしょうし、 武器の扱いにもほとんど慣れていません。 民兵は使い道がないように思えますが、維持費が安く、役人が望むだけ数が揃います。 \n\n1806年、前回の不満を持った農民たちによる不幸な出来事にもかかわらず、 ロシアは60万人の農奴をオピリチニエ、民兵として徴兵しました。 訓練は基礎的なもので、武装も単純なものでした。パイクを与えられたのです。 1812年のフランス軍ロシア侵攻の後は、オピリチニエはもはや農奴に限らず、 さらに２０万人の新兵が国家規模の愛国主義の波に加わりました。 この新しい農奴部隊の一部は、自分たちのくまでやシャベルを武器として持ってきました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Militia_Ottoman_Libyan_Bedouin \n\nBecause they lack the status and training of other Ottoman units, Libyan Bedouins are not always as reliable in battle as they might be. They are effective against other militia units, and against rebellious civilians, but should not be expected to last for long against regular army units. On the battlefield, a cynical commander could employ them as a distraction, or to shield his more valuable soldiers.\n\nThe Bedouin were a desert people, toughened by life in the desert; a life on the move bred men who did not need much to survive. Yet they were also known to avoid bloodshed if they could, at least among themselves. Feuding was costly, in both time and blood, and a wise man knew that it was better to talk than to reach for the knife. This same attitude was not always extended to outsiders: raiding and theft from non-Bedouin were honourable ways to support a family. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Militia_Ottoman_Palestinian_Auxiliaries \n\nThe primary task of auxiliaries is not necessarily to fight on the battlefield, but to intimidate local troublemakers and keep order in the streets. Because of this, they receive little training and, when pitted against regular soldiers, they are likely to run or be killed very quickly. However, for garrison duties and as a diversion on a battlefield they can be useful to a cunning commander.\n\nIn 1799 Napoleon besieged the Ottoman city of Acre in Palestine, echoing the Crusades that had taken place 700 years earlier. For once, Napoleon lacked artillery as British forces had ambushed it en route. His infantry would have to take Acre unsupported. After many attempts, new artillery was brought up and broke down the wall, only to reveal that the Ottomans had built an inner wall to seal the breach! After two months of failure and disease, Napoleon admitted defeat and withdrew his exhausted soldiers. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Militia_Ottoman_Peasant_Levy \n\nEven though they carry muskets, they are given only the most basic of training: just enough so that they will not actually kill themselves before they reach a battlefield. This inexperience and a fatalistic attitude towards survival mean that they have low morale even before the firing starts. They can, just, hold their own against militia units, but expecting much more of them is a little optimistic. They can be a useful way of getting the enemy to waste precious shot and gunpowder.\n\nThe Ottoman Empire had several different types of conscripted levies in its armies: “miri-askeris” were paid on the battlefield, for example, while the “yeri-neferats”, included every Muslim man, regardless of age, in a town under threat. The intention was to get as many people onto a battlefield as quickly as possible as a response, any kind of response, to an enemy incursion. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Militia_Prussian_Landwehr \n\n彼ら元々の仕事は物騒動な市民を鎮圧することでもありましたが、 訓練の不足は正規軍ほど戦闘であてにできないことを意味しました。 彼らは武装した民間人であり、鍛え上げられた熟練兵ではありません。 武器の扱いに長け、よく訓練された兵士たち相手では多大な犠牲を被るでしょう。 しかしながら彼らは駐屯軍として比較的安い費用で治安を維持するには便利な兵力です。 \n\n1812年、プロイセンはナポレオンのロシア侵攻を支援するよう強制され、 熟練の軍人であり人望ある愛国者であったヨーク将軍が プロイセン軍支援隊の司令官に任命されます。 彼はフランス軍が敗北するであろうことは明らかであると考え、中立を宣言し、 東プロイセンに侵攻しつつあったロシア軍を支援しました。 プロイセン全体でないにせよ、東プロイセンがフランスと交戦状態になったので 防衛軍が必要とされ、結果としてラントヴェール民兵の大部隊が徴兵されました。 ヨーク将軍のフランスへの反抗は1813年のロシア-プロイセン同盟を生み出し、 ナポレオンのフランス帝国に対決する重要な連合となりました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Mob_Armed_Citizenry \n\nArmed citizenry are a mob, given whatever guns are to hand, with brief training that the muzzle end is to be pointed towards the foe. Weapons do not make soldiers, and arming the people is an act of desperation. On the battlefield, the citizenry are unlikely to do much to damage an enemy, but the size of the mob can at least cause the foe problems. This can give real soldiers enough time to win the battle, or make the enemy pay heavily for their victory.\n\nHistorically, arming the people was something that really scared the authorities in every nation, particularly if the population hated the existing regime. It was not wise to supply an angry population with weapons, when these might be turned on the rulers, rather than foreigners. When Austria decided to create landwehr or militia forces, it was careful to exclude many regions from the decision as the loyalty of Austria’s many different ethnic groups could not always be guaranteed. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Skirm_Austrian_Windbucshe_Jager \n\n木こり、狩人と密猟者から徴集された、これらの兵士達は敵に気付かれずに 荒地を移動していました。彼らの巧妙に設計された空気銃は、 新型の空気タンクをねじ込むことによりとても素早く再装填でき、 新型の弾倉に入った弾丸を敵に浴びせることができました。 この空気銃は施条もされており、遠距離で極めて恐ろしい武器です。 しかしながら、すべての散兵同様、空気銃猟兵達は騎兵に蹂躙されると脆弱で、 戦列歩兵の集中射撃に対して長く持ちこたえることができません。\n\n歴史的には、Windbuchse（”空気銃”）は軍事史における、魅力的な”もしもあったら”でした。 ２０発入りの弾倉を持ち、撃ち手が引き金を引く速さと同じ速さで発砲できました。 この銃は100歩の距離で厚さ10ｃｍ前後の木の板（もしくは人）を貫通できましたが、 精巧で繊細な武器でした。 静かで、敵に位置を知らせてしまう火薬の発砲煙が出ないので、空気銃猟兵は 戦闘では不可避である接近戦や射撃の応酬等の乱暴な状況下で任務に従事しませんでした。 ナポレオン・ボナパルトは彼らを嫌い、空気銃で武装したどんな”暗殺者”を 捕虜としても、兵士としても扱わずに処刑するという勅命を出しました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Skirm_British_Rifles \n\nライフル銃を装備しているので、 彼らは火打石銃にとっては驚くべき遠距離で殺傷能力を持ちます。 彼らはその能力と散兵戦術によりどんな遮蔽物にでも隠れ、敵に忍び寄り、 そして遠距離から攻撃することができます。 控えめな色の軍服も彼らのハンター、狙撃兵としての役割を助けます。 しかしながら、彼らにも欠点があります。他の全ての散兵と同じように、 うまく時期を見計らった騎兵突撃により蹴散らされるかもしれません。 また、戦列歩兵の火力にさらされると過剰な損害をこうむるでしょう。\n\n歴史的には、グリーンジャケット部隊の”グリーンジャケット”は 地形に溶け込む彼らの暗緑色の軍服から由来するニックネームで、 ロンドンのエゼキエル・ベイカーが設計した歩兵ライフル銃を装備していました。 この先込め式の火打石銃はライフル銃身で小さな弾丸を使用しており、 素晴らしく高精度でした。装填は時間がかかる大変な作業で、 ちゃんと弾丸が飛翔する様に適切に装填するには１分かそれ以上かかりました。 ライフルは達人が手にすると、効果は凄まじいものになりました。 フランス軍将校は戦場でライフル銃部隊の存在を恐れるようになりました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Skirm_French_Voltiguers \n\n散兵には２種類の任務があります。 一つは敵の散兵が大きな被害をもたらすことを防ぐことであり、 二つ目は敵主力部隊を遠距離から攻撃することです。 選抜歩兵は滑腔銃身のマスケット銃にも関わらず、優れた射撃手で、 対面する敵の数をとても速く減らすことができます。 また彼らはどんな遮蔽物の断片でも、どんな地形のくぼみにでも 隠れる様によく訓練されています。 これにより彼らは発見しにくく、悪くすれば、殺すこともままなりません。\n\nナポレオン時代の始まりにおいて、 ほとんどの軍隊は軽歩兵は戦列歩兵への補助部隊であると考えていました。 ナポレオンの天才は既存の考え方を踏襲しつつ、 それらをとても効果的に働かせるようにするところにあります。 彼は自分の軍に軽歩兵と戦列歩兵を同じ比率で組み入れ、 攻撃縦隊が選抜歩兵を含む散兵の群れに十分援護されるようにしました。 元々は、その名（Voltigeurs、その意味合いは飛び上がる者）は 彼らが敵騎兵の馬に飛び乗り騎手を攻撃する！様に期待されていたので生まれました。 これは荒唐無稽でしたが、選抜歩兵は素晴らしい兵士であることを証明しました。 彼らは橋を建造する橋梁工兵を助けるというような追加の任務も与えられました。 ただ懸命に作業するだけでなく、 また必要ならば橋を守るために効果的に戦うことができました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Skirm_Jager \n\n戦場で一見しては見えない敵によって仲間が射殺されるのを見るのは 恐怖のほかの何物でもありません。猟兵は敵が接近する間は遮蔽物に隠れ、 目標を倒す為に優れた狙撃術を使うことに熟達しています。 猟兵は広い散開隊形を使っているので待ち伏せは得意ですが、 接近戦を余儀なくされたり、騎兵に蹂躙されると不利です。\n\nオーストリア軍猟兵、”ハンター”達はとても良く訓練されており、 特に戦場で優位を獲得するために遮蔽物と地形を利用することに長けていました。 彼らは射撃位置につくまでの移動をどんな小さな遮蔽物でも使って隠しながら、 まるでハンターが獲物に近寄るように敵に忍び寄ることができました。 1809年のワグラムの戦いでは猟歩兵達は排水溝の溝に隠れフランス軍を待ち伏せし、 よく狙いの定まった狙撃の弾幕を浴びせました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Skirm_Nizam_I_Cedit_Rifles \n\nFighting in formal order with disciplined fire is a new idea for Turkish forces: the traditional method simply involved brave, heavily armed men hurling themselves at the enemy. This “new model” army is a break with the past, and it has even adopted Western-style military dress. Despite these modernisations the nizam i cedit remain vulnerable to cavalry charges and when in prolonged close combat. They are best used in a loose skirmish formation, where their marksmanship and rifles can be used to the full.\n\nHistorically, the nizam i cedit reforms were made vital by the poor performance of Ottoman armies against the Russians. The Ottomans’ inability to defend their empire against a growing Slavic threat, and predatory moves by other European powers, were reason enough for Turkey to be known as the “sick man of Europe”. Help came from an unlikely source: anxious for allies, the French Revolutionary Republic provided much of the expertise to retrain the Ottoman army. However, the reforms met with opposition from the ultra-conservative janissaries; eventually the janissaries had to be disbanded. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Skirm_Norwegian_Ski_Troops \n\nTheir skis are the perfect way of moving across a snowy landscape at speed, although it is often easier, and stealthier, to walk into battle. Mobility allows these soldiers to quickly select good firing positions and then make full use of their sniping skills, honed over years of hunting. Their hunting experience allows them to hide in plain sight and their loose formation provides them with a small amount of protection from enemy missile troops.\n\nHistorically, the rifle was an expensive item to manufacture, as the barrel required careful machining to create the grooves that impart spin to the bullet; smoothbore weapons were nowhere near as difficult to make. A rifled barrel, however, would shoot further and with more accuracy than any smoothbore.\n\nSki-ing as a tool of warfare has a long history in Scandinavia, being first mentioned in the 13th Century works of Saxo Grammaticus, the Danish historian and antiquary. Ski troops were able to cover vast distances at speed in wintertime, giving them strategic mobility, and yet remain fresh enough to fight a battle. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Skirm_Portuguese_Tiradores \n\nArmed with rifles and an excellent knowledge of fieldcraft, Tiradores could shoot the cockade off a dragoon at 100 paces. “Tiradores” is Portuguese for sharpshooters and nothing describes these men better. They fight in loose formation and are ideal for harassing the enemy from a distance, using their ability to hide in all kinds of terrain. However, should these men be drawn into close combat they will suffer heavy losses. Any contact with cavalry could prove disastrous.\n\nIn 1808, as Napoleon continued to dominate Europe, Portugal found that it was totally without regular light infantry units. Those that had been raised with the all-arms light corps in 1796 had been drafted into the French army’s Portuguese Legion. New light infantry would need to be recruited, equipped and trained from nothing. These new light infantry were called “Cacadores”, the Portuguese for hunters, and within each battalion were four companies of ordinary Cazadores and one company of elite “Tiradores”. False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Inf_Skirm_Prussian_Silesian_Schuetzen \n\n召集された州の名前から名づけられた、シレジア防衛猟兵は精鋭狙撃兵です。 この兵士たちは色々な地形に完璧に隠れ、驚くべき精度で敵に射撃を行えます。 彼らが使う広い隊形は、戦列歩兵の射撃からの防御になります。 戦闘で同じ兵種の部隊と対決すると、彼らは損害を被るでしょう。また、接近戦も苦手です。\n\n歴史的には、猟兵部隊は1807年フランス軍の攻撃からシレジアを守るために、 様々な場所から召集されました。 彼らは最初はリーグニッツに駐屯しており、多くの初期段階の部隊と同じように、 画一性と装備を欠いていましたが、大抵は歩兵用マスケット銃で武装していました。 結果的には兵士たちは全員1787年式ライフル銃、指の幅ほどの口径の長銃で武装されました。 その銃は火打石銃としては珍しく、銃の前と後ろに照準器がついていました。 後部照準器は段階的に300歩まで刻まれており、驚くべき狙撃術を可能にしました。 False
unit_description_texts_long_description_text_Mounted_Inf_Ottoman_Mounted_Nizam_I_Cedit \n\nThe primary duty of the mounted nizam i cedit is to harass the enemy and pick off important individuals within their ranks. The speed provided by their mounts mean these men can reach areas of the battlefield significantly quicker than their counterparts on foot. However, their speed and versatility is no protection if they find themselves in close combat; if pitted against line infantry they will suffer heavy losses.\n\nHistorically, the mounted nizam i cedit were known as the Neferi nizam i cedit, or the 2nd Orta provincial militia. Shortly after being raised, the 1st Orta felt the wrath of the British Ambassador, who was angered by the fact that the units of this new model army were issued with French instead of British muskets! His displeasure was the least of their problems. Although sanctioned by the sultan, the modernisation of the army was met with hostility from Ottoman traditionalists. The bayonet, for example, was a serious bone of contention: many chose to see it as a way of reducing proud warriors to little more than parts in a machine. False

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